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أقدم ترجمة دقيقة ورائعة بمختلف المجالات من اللغة الإنكليزية إلى العربية وبأسعار منافسة و ترتيب جذاب
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engineering
civil engineering
electrical engineering
electronics
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Sample Translation Engineering
Civil Engineering Sample Translation
| Source (English) | Target (English) |
|---|---|
| Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures. | Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in unloaded structures |
| For instance, a normal bolt resting in the palm of your hand may experience large measures of stress. | For example, an ordinary nail in the palm of your hand may be subjected to a great deal of pressure |
| This is not because of your demeanor or the way you are holding it, instead it is due to the way the bolt has been manufactured. | This is not due to your behavior or the way you hold it, it is due to the way the latch is manufactured |
| A quality thread is rolled rather than cut. | The high quality thread is twisted rather than cut |
| Thus the material has been subjected to significant plastic deformation, which creates compressive stresses in the creases of the thread. | Consequently, the material was subjected to significant plastic deformation, creating compressive stresses in the wrinkles of the thread |
| The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force equilibrium. | The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force balance |
| Compressive residual stresses in the thread are favorable to the fatigue life of the bolt, and are thus desirable. | Residual compressive stresses in the thread are appropriate for the fatigue life of the bolt and are therefore desirable |
| The corresponding tensile stress's, on the other hand, may have a negative impact on the maximum load carrying capacity. | On the other hand, the corresponding tensile stress may have a negative effect on the ultimate load carrying capacity |
| However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to yield and redistribute the stress fields in the event of an extreme load. | However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to produce and redistribute stress fields in the event of a severe load |
| Residual stresses may have positive, negative or no practical effects on a structure's mechanical integrity. | Residual stresses may have positive, negative, or no practical effects on the mechanical integrity of the structure |
| Whatever the case may be, knowing about them is important. | Whatever the case, knowing it is important |
| This chapter explains common causes and possible effects of residual stresses, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters. | This chapter explains the common causes and possible effects of residual stress, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters |
| Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures. | Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in unloaded structures |
| For instance, a normal bolt resting in the palm of your hand may experience large measures of stress. | For example, an ordinary nail in the palm of your hand may be subjected to a great deal of pressure |
| This is not because of your demeanor or the way you are holding it, instead it is due to the way the bolt has been manufactured. | This is not due to your behavior or the way you hold it, it is due to the way the latch is manufactured |
| A quality thread is rolled rather than cut. | The high quality thread is twisted rather than cut |
| Thus the material has been subjected to significant plastic deformation, which creates compressive stresses in the creases of the thread. | Consequently, the material was subjected to significant plastic deformation, creating compressive stresses in the wrinkles of the thread |
| The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force equilibrium. | The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force balance |
| Compressive residual stresses in the thread are favorable to the fatigue life of the bolt, and are thus desirable. | Residual compressive stresses in the thread are appropriate for the fatigue life of the bolt and are therefore desirable |
| The corresponding tensile stress's, on the other hand, may have a negative impact on the maximum load carrying capacity. | On the other hand, the corresponding tensile stress may have a negative effect on the ultimate load carrying capacity |
| However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to yield and redistribute the stress fields in the event of an extreme load. | However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to produce and redistribute stress fields in the event of a severe load |
| Residual stresses may have positive, negative or no practical effects on a structure's mechanical integrity. | Residual stresses may have positive, negative, or no practical effects on the mechanical integrity of the structure |
| Whatever the case may be, knowing about them is important. | Whatever the case, knowing it is important |
| This chapter explains common causes and possible effects of residual stresses, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters. | This chapter explains the common causes and possible effects of residual stress, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters |
| Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures. | Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in unloaded structures |
| For instance, a normal bolt resting in the palm of your hand may experience large measures of stress. | For example, an ordinary nail in the palm of your hand may be subjected to a great deal of pressure |
| This is not because of your demeanor or the way you are holding it, instead it is due to the way the bolt has been manufactured. | This is not due to your behavior or the way you hold it, it is due to the way the latch is manufactured |
| A quality thread is rolled rather than cut. | The high quality thread is twisted rather than cut |
| Thus the material has been subjected to significant plastic deformation, which creates compressive stresses in the creases of the thread. | Consequently, the material was subjected to significant plastic deformation, creating compressive stresses in the wrinkles of the thread |
| The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force equilibrium. | The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force balance |
| Compressive residual stresses in the thread are favorable to the fatigue life of the bolt, and are thus desirable. | Residual compressive stresses in the thread are appropriate for the fatigue life of the bolt and are therefore desirable |
| The corresponding tensile stress's, on the other hand, may have a negative impact on the maximum load carrying capacity. | On the other hand, the corresponding tensile stress may have a negative effect on the ultimate load carrying capacity |
| However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to yield and redistribute the stress fields in the event of an extreme load. | However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to produce and redistribute stress fields in the event of a severe load |
| Residual stresses may have positive, negative or no practical effects on a structure's mechanical integrity. | Residual stresses may have positive, negative, or no practical effects on the mechanical integrity of the structure |
| Whatever the case may be, knowing about them is important. | Whatever the case, knowing it is important |
| This chapter explains common causes and possible effects of residual stresses, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters. | This chapter explains the common causes and possible effects of residual stress, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters |
| Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures. | Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in unloaded structures |
| For instance, a normal bolt resting in the palm of your hand may experience large measures of stress. | For example, an ordinary nail in the palm of your hand may be subjected to a great deal of pressure |
| This is not because of your demeanor or the way you are holding it, instead it is due to the way the bolt has been manufactured. | This is not due to your behavior or the way you hold it, it is due to the way the latch is manufactured |
| A quality thread is rolled rather than cut. | The high quality thread is twisted rather than cut |
| Thus the material has been subjected to significant plastic deformation, which creates compressive stresses in the creases of the thread. | Consequently, the material was subjected to significant plastic deformation, creating compressive stresses in the wrinkles of the thread |
| The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force equilibrium. | The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force balance |
| Compressive residual stresses in the thread are favorable to the fatigue life of the bolt, and are thus desirable. | Residual compressive stresses in the thread are appropriate for the fatigue life of the bolt and are therefore desirable |
| The corresponding tensile stress's, on the other hand, may have a negative impact on the maximum load carrying capacity. | On the other hand, the corresponding tensile stress may have a negative effect on the ultimate load carrying capacity |
| However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to yield and redistribute the stress fields in the event of an extreme load. | However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to produce and redistribute stress fields in the event of a severe load |
| Residual stresses may have positive, negative or no practical effects on a structure's mechanical integrity. | Residual stresses may have positive, negative, or no practical effects on the mechanical integrity of the structure |
| Whatever the case may be, knowing about them is important. | Whatever the case, knowing it is important |
| This chapter explains common causes and possible effects of residual stresses, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters. | This chapter explains the common causes and possible effects of residual stress, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters |
Sample Translation Electrical Engineering
Electronics Sample Translation
| Source (English) | Target (English) |
|---|---|
| In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response. | In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering AC effects.) The important thing to understand about capacitors and inductors in DC circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response. |
| During the transient period, capacitors build up charge and stop the flow of current (eventually acting like infinite resistors.) Inductors build up energy in the form of magnetic fields, and become more conductive. | During the transient period, capacitors build charge and stop current flow (ultimately acting like infinite resistors). Inductors build up energy in the form of magnetic fields, and become more conductive |
| In other words, in the steady-state (long term behavior), capacitors become open circuits and inductors become short circuits. | In other words, in the steady state (long-term behavior), capacitors become open circuits and inductors become short circuits |
| Thus, for DC analysis, you can replace a capacitor with an empty space and an inductor with a wire. | Thus, for DC analysis, you can replace a capacitor with an empty space and an inductor with a wire. |
| The only circuit components that remain are voltage sources, current sources, and resistors. | The only remaining circuit components are voltage sources, current sources, and resistors. |
| DC steady-state (meaning the circuit has been in the same state for a long time), we've seen that capacitors act like open circuits and inductors act like shorts. | If the DC current is stable (i.e. the circuit remains in the same state for a long time), we have seen that capacitors act like open circuits and inductors act like short circuits |
| The above figures show the process of replacing these circuit devices with their DC equivalents. | The figures above show the process of replacing these circuit devices with their DC equivalents |
| In this case, all that remains is a voltage source and a lone resistor. | In this case, all that's left is a voltage source and a single resistor |
| (An AC analysis of this circuit can be found in the AC section.) | The AC analysis of this circuit can be found in the AC section.) |
Sample Translation Electrical Engineering
Engineering (Electrical) Sample Translation
| Source (English) | Target (English) |
|---|---|
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | Atoms are the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of matter. They consist of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | Protons have a positive charge, and electrons have a negative charge, which cancels out the proton's positive charge. |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | Neutrons are particles that resemble a proton but have a neutral charge |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | It has a neutral charge. There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract. |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | If a single positive proton and a negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | This repulsion and attraction (the force between fixed charged particles) is known as the electrostatic force and theoretically extends to infinity, but weakens as the distance between the particles increases |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | When an atom has one or more missing electrons it remains positively charged, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | Having a positive or negative charge makes an atom an ion |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | Atoms gain and lose protons and neutrons only through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | Although atoms are made up of many particles and things are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in how they repel and attract |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | In an atom, protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | This nucleus is surrounded by a huge cloud of electrons orbiting it at a distance, but is held close by the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells/domains where the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and tightly bound to the atom |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that are accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | With enough energy, the electron will escape from the atom (comparable to the escape speed of a space rocket). |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | When an electron in the conduction band slows down and falls to another conduction band or valence band, a photon is emitted. |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | This is known as the photoelectric effect |
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