Translator Profile: Yang Wang (wijerje)

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Sample Translation Architecture

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Source (English)	Target (Chinese)
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations.	建筑学通过规划和设计形式及空间和氛围反映出其对于实用、技术、群居、环境和美观的考虑。
It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow.	其对于材料和技术及光影的创意处理和协调提出了要求。
Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved.	通常情况下，要解决冲突的要求。
The practice of architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration.	建筑学的实践还包含了实现建筑物和构筑物中务实的几个方面，包括调度、成本估算和施工管理。
Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.	建筑师制作的通常为图纸、平面图和技术规格的文档，定义了建筑物的结构和/或特性，或者是即将或已然构筑的其他类型的体系。

Sample Translation Sporting Competitions

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Source (English)	Target (Chinese)
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。
Although there are 11 players on a team there are several commonly used ways to arrange them.	尽管一支球队有11名球员，却有几种常见的方法来排列阵型。
The two most commonly used formations today are probably the 4-5-1, 4-3-3, and the 4-4-2 (note: first # is the # of defenders, the second midfielders, and third forwards) although there are some different variations of each.	尽管阵型上有一些各自的变化，当今两种最为常见的阵型可能是4-5-1、4-3-3和4-4-2（注：第一#是后卫的#，第二中场，和第三前锋）。
Two variation of a 4-4-2 are the "flat back four" and a "diamond back" or "sweeper, stopper" where the back four defenders form a diamond with the stopper ahead of the sweeper.	4-4-2的两个变种分别是“平行四后卫”和“菱形四后卫”或叫做“清道夫，盯人中卫”，其中在后者里，四名后卫形成菱形站位，清道夫在盯人中卫的身后。
Other less commonly used formations are the 3-6-1, 4-2-4, and the 3-5-2.	其他不常用的阵型有3-6-1，4-2-4和3-5-2。
Changes can be made in the formations according to the position of the game .	阵型可根据比赛的进程随时做出改变。
If one team has scored only single goal ,they can change formations in the closing stages of the match or they can put more players forward to score more goals when they are trailing by a goal.	如果一支球队只打进了一个进球，他们可以在比赛的最后阶段改变阵型，或者当他们落后一球的情况下可以让更多的球员参与到进攻当中以取得更多进球。
A football match consists of two halves and each half is 45 minutes long.	一场足球赛分为上下半场，每半场进行45分钟。
Between the two halves, there is an interval, which is not more than 15 minutes long.	上下半场中间有中场休息，时间不超过15分钟。
Stoppage time (also called injury time) is the time added on at the end of each half at the discretion of the referee.	补时阶段（也叫做伤停补时）是根据裁判的判断对每个半场比赛增加的时间。
The stoppage time added is roughly proportional to the length of delays in the game.	补时的时间长度大致等同与比赛中延时的时间。
These delays may be due to injuries, time lost through substitutions, general time wasting, etc.	比赛中的受伤、换人、拖延时间等都会造成延时。
Although these may seem insignificant, stoppage time can be crucial for losing teams to equalize or even win.	补时阶段，尽管看似微不足道，但对于落后的一方想要扳平比分或逆转比赛可能是决定性的。
A notable example is the 2013-14 UEFA Champions League final between Real Madrid and Atletico Madrid.	一个著名的列子发生在2013-14赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是皇家马德里和马德里竞技。
Atletico Madrid were leading 1-0 when Sergio Ramos of Real Madrid equalized in stoppage time.	马德里竞技一直保持1-0的领先，直到皇马的塞尔吉奥拉莫斯在补时阶段扳平比分。
The game went into extra time whereby Madrid won 4-1 leading to their tenth European title.	比赛进入加时赛，皇家马德里最终以4-1取得了胜利并举起了他们的第十个欧冠奖杯。
Another instance in point is the 1998-99 UEFA Champions League Final between Bayern Munich and Manchester United.	类似的例子发生在1998-99赛季的欧冠决赛，对阵双方是拜仁慕尼黑和曼联。
Bayern Munich scored an early goal and controlled most of the match, until Manchester United turned things around with two goals in the 91st and 93rd minutes of the game to win 2-1.	拜仁慕尼黑早早取得了一个进球并几乎控制了整场比赛，直到曼联在比赛的91分钟和93分钟连下两城反超了比分，并最终取得了2-1的胜利。

Sample Translation Business

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Source (English)	Target (Chinese)
The overall marketing strategy of an organization should focus on developing relationships with customers to understand their needs, and to develop goods, services, and ideas to meet those needs.	一个组织的整体营销策略应该侧重于发展与客户的关系，以了解他们的需求，并开发商品、服务和理念来满足这些需求。
Information Gathering: research potential customers, their needs, and spending habits in order to understand what sort of product, service, or idea they wish to buy.	信息收集：研究潜在客户、他们的需求和消费习惯，以了解他们希望购买什么样的产品，服务或理念。
Evaluation of Organization Capabilities: decide what your organization can produce relatively well, and what your organization is not capable of producing based on the organization's specific strengths and weaknesses.	组织能力的评估：根据组织的具体优势和劣势，来决定组织的产品。
Identify Market Opportunities: research the current market for a product idea, and look for an opportunity; such as no competition or strong demand.	识别市场机遇：为产品理念研究当前市场，并寻找机会；比如，没有竞争或强烈的需求。
Set Objectives of Marketing Strategy: decide what results need to be achieved in order to reach the organization's goals; such as a specific increase in sales, or net profits.	设置营销战略的目标：决定需要实现怎样的结果以达到组织的目标；比如销售额的特定增加，或净利润。
Formulate an Action Plan: List the specific steps the organization needs to take in order to implement the marketing plan, and assign the responsibilities to specific staff members.	制定行动计划：列出组织为实施营销计划需要采取的具体步骤，并将责任分配给特定的工作人员。
Monitor & Evaluate: Study the marketing plan regularly, at least once per quarter, to track performance against the set objectives.	监测和评估：定期研究营销计划，至少每季度一次，根据既定目标以追踪绩效。

Sample Translation Design

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Source (English)	Target (Chinese)
Design philosophies are fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer approaches his/her practice.	设计理念是决定设计师如何处理他/她实践方法的基本指导原则。
Reflections on material culture and environmental concerns (sustainable design) can guide a design philosophy.	在物质文化和环境问题（可持续设计）上的思考可为设计理念做出指引。
One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."	由平面设计社区内部发起的“要事第一”宣言正是这样一个例子，其声明，“为了更加有效、更为持续、更为大众所接受的传播形式，我们建议反转优先顺序 - 这是一次从产品营销转向探索和创造新意义的的思维转变。我们要扩大正在缩小的争论范围。我们要以部分通过设计中的视觉语言和资源表达出的其他观点来挑战愈发无可争议的用户主义。
In The Sciences of the Artificial by polymath Herbert A. Simon, the author asserts design to be a meta-discipline of all professions.	在《The Sciences of the Artificial》书中，博学的作者赫伯特A.西蒙声称设计是所有职业的元学科。
"Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for a sick patient or the one that devises a new sales plan for a company or a social welfare policy for a state. Design, so construed, is the core of all professional training; it is the principal mark that distinguishes the professions from the sciences. Schools of engineering, as well as schools of architecture, business, education, law, and medicine, are all centrally concerned with the process of design."	工程师并不是唯一的专业设计师。而每个人都是，为了改变现状每个人都在设计各自的行动方案。从脑力活动上来看，生产材料加工品从根本上无异于给病人开药方或者为公司策划新的销售方案或者为国家制定社会福利政策。如此解释，设计是所有职业培训的核心；是区分职业与科学的主要标志。和工程学院一样，建筑、商业、教育、法律和医学等学院都十分注重设计的过程。
Design philosophies are fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer approaches his/her practice.	设计理念是决定设计师如何处理他/她实践方法的基本指导原则。
Reflections on material culture and environmental concerns (sustainable design) can guide a design philosophy.	在物质文化和环境问题（可持续设计）上的思考可为设计理念做出指引。
One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."	由平面设计社区内部发起的“要事第一”宣言正是这样一个例子，其声明，“为了更加有效、更为持续、更为大众所接受的传播形式，我们建议反转优先顺序 - 这是一次从产品营销转向探索和创造新意义的的思维转变。我们要扩大正在缩小的争论范围。我们要以部分通过设计中的视觉语言和资源表达出的其他观点来挑战愈发无可争议的用户主义。
In The Sciences of the Artificial by polymath Herbert A. Simon, the author asserts design to be a meta-discipline of all professions.	在《The Sciences of the Artificial》书中，博学的作者赫伯特A.西蒙声称设计是所有职业的元学科。
"Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for a sick patient or the one that devises a new sales plan for a company or a social welfare policy for a state. Design, so construed, is the core of all professional training; it is the principal mark that distinguishes the professions from the sciences. Schools of engineering, as well as schools of architecture, business, education, law, and medicine, are all centrally concerned with the process of design."	工程师并不是唯一的专业设计师。而每个人都是，为了改变现状每个人都在设计各自的行动方案。从脑力活动上来看，生产材料加工品从根本上无异于给病人开药方或者为公司策划新的销售方案或者为国家制定社会福利政策。如此解释，设计是所有职业培训的核心；是区分职业与科学的主要标志。和工程学院一样，建筑、商业、教育、法律和医学等学院都十分注重设计的过程。
Design philosophies are fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer approaches his/her practice.	设计理念是决定设计师如何处理他/她实践方法的基本指导原则。
Reflections on material culture and environmental concerns (sustainable design) can guide a design philosophy.	在物质文化和环境问题（可持续设计）上的思考可为设计理念做出指引。
One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."	由平面设计社区内部发起的“要事第一”宣言正是这样一个例子，其声明，“为了更加有效、更为持续、更为大众所接受的传播形式，我们建议反转优先顺序 - 这是一次从产品营销转向探索和创造新意义的的思维转变。我们要扩大正在缩小的争论范围。我们要以部分通过设计中的视觉语言和资源表达出的其他观点来挑战愈发无可争议的用户主义。
In The Sciences of the Artificial by polymath Herbert A. Simon, the author asserts design to be a meta-discipline of all professions.	在《The Sciences of the Artificial》书中，博学的作者赫伯特A.西蒙声称设计是所有职业的元学科。
"Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for a sick patient or the one that devises a new sales plan for a company or a social welfare policy for a state. Design, so construed, is the core of all professional training; it is the principal mark that distinguishes the professions from the sciences. Schools of engineering, as well as schools of architecture, business, education, law, and medicine, are all centrally concerned with the process of design."	工程师并不是唯一的专业设计师。而每个人都是，为了改变现状每个人都在设计各自的行动方案。从脑力活动上来看，生产材料加工品从根本上无异于给病人开药方或者为公司策划新的销售方案或者为国家制定社会福利政策。如此解释，设计是所有职业培训的核心；是区分职业与科学的主要标志。和工程学院一样，建筑、商业、教育、法律和医学等学院都十分注重设计的过程。
Design philosophies are fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer approaches his/her practice.	设计理念是决定设计师如何处理他/她实践方法的基本指导原则。
Reflections on material culture and environmental concerns (sustainable design) can guide a design philosophy.	在物质文化和环境问题（可持续设计）上的思考可为设计理念做出指引。
One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."	由平面设计社区内部发起的“要事第一”宣言正是这样一个例子，其声明，“为了更加有效、更为持续、更为大众所接受的传播形式，我们建议反转优先顺序 - 这是一次从产品营销转向探索和创造新意义的的思维转变。我们要扩大正在缩小的争论范围。我们要以部分通过设计中的视觉语言和资源表达出的其他观点来挑战愈发无可争议的用户主义。
In The Sciences of the Artificial by polymath Herbert A. Simon, the author asserts design to be a meta-discipline of all professions.	在《The Sciences of the Artificial》书中，博学的作者赫伯特A.西蒙声称设计是所有职业的元学科。
"Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for a sick patient or the one that devises a new sales plan for a company or a social welfare policy for a state. Design, so construed, is the core of all professional training; it is the principal mark that distinguishes the professions from the sciences. Schools of engineering, as well as schools of architecture, business, education, law, and medicine, are all centrally concerned with the process of design."	工程师并不是唯一的专业设计师。而每个人都是，为了改变现状每个人都在设计各自的行动方案。从脑力活动上来看，生产材料加工品从根本上无异于给病人开药方或者为公司策划新的销售方案或者为国家制定社会福利政策。如此解释，设计是所有职业培训的核心；是区分职业与科学的主要标志。和工程学院一样，建筑、商业、教育、法律和医学等学院都十分注重设计的过程。
Design philosophies are fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer approaches his/her practice.	设计理念是决定设计师如何处理他/她实践方法的基本指导原则。
Reflections on material culture and environmental concerns (sustainable design) can guide a design philosophy.	在物质文化和环境问题（可持续设计）上的思考可为设计理念做出指引。
One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."	由平面设计社区内部发起的“要事第一”宣言正是这样一个例子，其声明，“为了更加有效、更为持续、更为大众所接受的传播形式，我们建议反转优先顺序 - 这是一次从产品营销转向探索和创造新意义的的思维转变。我们要扩大正在缩小的争论范围。我们要以部分通过设计中的视觉语言和资源表达出的其他观点来挑战愈发无可争议的用户主义。
In The Sciences of the Artificial by polymath Herbert A. Simon, the author asserts design to be a meta-discipline of all professions.	在《The Sciences of the Artificial》书中，博学的作者赫伯特A.西蒙声称设计是所有职业的元学科。
"Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for a sick patient or the one that devises a new sales plan for a company or a social welfare policy for a state. Design, so construed, is the core of all professional training; it is the principal mark that distinguishes the professions from the sciences. Schools of engineering, as well as schools of architecture, business, education, law, and medicine, are all centrally concerned with the process of design."	工程师并不是唯一的专业设计师。而每个人都是，为了改变现状每个人都在设计各自的行动方案。从脑力活动上来看，生产材料加工品从根本上无异于给病人开药方或者为公司策划新的销售方案或者为国家制定社会福利政策。如此解释，设计是所有职业培训的核心；是区分职业与科学的主要标志。和工程学院一样，建筑、商业、教育、法律和医学等学院都十分注重设计的过程。
Design philosophies are fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer approaches his/her practice.	设计理念是决定设计师如何处理他/她实践方法的基本指导原则。
Reflections on material culture and environmental concerns (sustainable design) can guide a design philosophy.	在物质文化和环境问题（可持续设计）上的思考可为设计理念做出指引。
One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."	由平面设计社区内部发起的“要事第一”宣言正是这样一个例子，其声明，“为了更加有效、更为持续、更为大众所接受的传播形式，我们建议反转优先顺序 - 这是一次从产品营销转向探索和创造新意义的的思维转变。我们要扩大正在缩小的争论范围。我们要以部分通过设计中的视觉语言和资源表达出的其他观点来挑战愈发无可争议的用户主义。
In The Sciences of the Artificial by polymath Herbert A. Simon, the author asserts design to be a meta-discipline of all professions.	在《The Sciences of the Artificial》书中，博学的作者赫伯特A.西蒙声称设计是所有职业的元学科。
"Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for a sick patient or the one that devises a new sales plan for a company or a social welfare policy for a state. Design, so construed, is the core of all professional training; it is the principal mark that distinguishes the professions from the sciences. Schools of engineering, as well as schools of architecture, business, education, law, and medicine, are all centrally concerned with the process of design."	工程师并不是唯一的专业设计师。而每个人都是，为了改变现状每个人都在设计各自的行动方案。从脑力活动上来看，生产材料加工品从根本上无异于给病人开药方或者为公司策划新的销售方案或者为国家制定社会福利政策。如此解释，设计是所有职业培训的核心；是区分职业与科学的主要标志。和工程学院一样，建筑、商业、教育、法律和医学等学院都十分注重设计的过程。
Design philosophies are fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer approaches his/her practice.	设计理念是决定设计师如何处理他/她实践方法的基本指导原则。
Reflections on material culture and environmental concerns (sustainable design) can guide a design philosophy.	在物质文化和环境问题（可持续设计）上的思考可为设计理念做出指引。
One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."	由平面设计社区内部发起的“要事第一”宣言正是这样一个例子，其声明，“为了更加有效、更为持续、更为大众所接受的传播形式，我们建议反转优先顺序 - 这是一次从产品营销转向探索和创造新意义的的思维转变。我们要扩大正在缩小的争论范围。我们要以部分通过设计中的视觉语言和资源表达出的其他观点来挑战愈发无可争议的用户主义。
In The Sciences of the Artificial by polymath Herbert A. Simon, the author asserts design to be a meta-discipline of all professions.	在《The Sciences of the Artificial》书中，博学的作者赫伯特A.西蒙声称设计是所有职业的元学科。
"Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for a sick patient or the one that devises a new sales plan for a company or a social welfare policy for a state. Design, so construed, is the core of all professional training; it is the principal mark that distinguishes the professions from the sciences. Schools of engineering, as well as schools of architecture, business, education, law, and medicine, are all centrally concerned with the process of design."	工程师并不是唯一的专业设计师。而每个人都是，为了改变现状每个人都在设计各自的行动方案。从脑力活动上来看，生产材料加工品从根本上无异于给病人开药方或者为公司策划新的销售方案或者为国家制定社会福利政策。如此解释，设计是所有职业培训的核心；是区分职业与科学的主要标志。和工程学院一样，建筑、商业、教育、法律和医学等学院都十分注重设计的过程。
Design philosophies are fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer approaches his/her practice.	设计理念是决定设计师如何处理他/她实践方法的基本指导原则。
Reflections on material culture and environmental concerns (sustainable design) can guide a design philosophy.	在物质文化和环境问题（可持续设计）上的思考可为设计理念做出指引。
One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."	由平面设计社区内部发起的“要事第一”宣言正是这样一个例子，其声明，“为了更加有效、更为持续、更为大众所接受的传播形式，我们建议反转优先顺序 - 这是一次从产品营销转向探索和创造新意义的的思维转变。我们要扩大正在缩小的争论范围。我们要以部分通过设计中的视觉语言和资源表达出的其他观点来挑战愈发无可争议的用户主义。
In The Sciences of the Artificial by polymath Herbert A. Simon, the author asserts design to be a meta-discipline of all professions.	在《The Sciences of the Artificial》书中，博学的作者赫伯特A.西蒙声称设计是所有职业的元学科。
"Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for a sick patient or the one that devises a new sales plan for a company or a social welfare policy for a state. Design, so construed, is the core of all professional training; it is the principal mark that distinguishes the professions from the sciences. Schools of engineering, as well as schools of architecture, business, education, law, and medicine, are all centrally concerned with the process of design."	工程师并不是唯一的专业设计师。而每个人都是，为了改变现状每个人都在设计各自的行动方案。从脑力活动上来看，生产材料加工品从根本上无异于给病人开药方或者为公司策划新的销售方案或者为国家制定社会福利政策。如此解释，设计是所有职业培训的核心；是区分职业与科学的主要标志。和工程学院一样，建筑、商业、教育、法律和医学等学院都十分注重设计的过程。
Design philosophies are fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer approaches his/her practice.	设计理念是决定设计师如何处理他/她实践方法的基本指导原则。
Reflections on material culture and environmental concerns (sustainable design) can guide a design philosophy.	在物质文化和环境问题（可持续设计）上的思考可为设计理念做出指引。
One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."	由平面设计社区内部发起的“要事第一”宣言正是这样一个例子，其声明，“为了更加有效、更为持续、更为大众所接受的传播形式，我们建议反转优先顺序 - 这是一次从产品营销转向探索和创造新意义的的思维转变。我们要扩大正在缩小的争论范围。我们要以部分通过设计中的视觉语言和资源表达出的其他观点来挑战愈发无可争议的用户主义。
In The Sciences of the Artificial by polymath Herbert A. Simon, the author asserts design to be a meta-discipline of all professions.	在《The Sciences of the Artificial》书中，博学的作者赫伯特A.西蒙声称设计是所有职业的元学科。
"Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for a sick patient or the one that devises a new sales plan for a company or a social welfare policy for a state. Design, so construed, is the core of all professional training; it is the principal mark that distinguishes the professions from the sciences. Schools of engineering, as well as schools of architecture, business, education, law, and medicine, are all centrally concerned with the process of design."	工程师并不是唯一的专业设计师。而每个人都是，为了改变现状每个人都在设计各自的行动方案。从脑力活动上来看，生产材料加工品从根本上无异于给病人开药方或者为公司策划新的销售方案或者为国家制定社会福利政策。如此解释，设计是所有职业培训的核心；是区分职业与科学的主要标志。和工程学院一样，建筑、商业、教育、法律和医学等学院都十分注重设计的过程。
Design philosophies are fundamental guiding principles that dictate how a designer approaches his/her practice.	设计理念是决定设计师如何处理他/她实践方法的基本指导原则。
Reflections on material culture and environmental concerns (sustainable design) can guide a design philosophy.	在物质文化和环境问题（可持续设计）上的思考可为设计理念做出指引。
One example is the First Things First manifesto which was launched within the graphic design community and states "We propose a reversal of priorities in favor of more useful, lasting and democratic forms of communication – a mindshift away from product marketing and toward the exploration and production of a new kind of meaning. The scope of debate is shrinking; it must expand. Consumerism is running uncontested; it must be challenged by other perspectives expressed, in part, through the visual languages and resources of design."	由平面设计社区内部发起的“要事第一”宣言正是这样一个例子，其声明，“为了更加有效、更为持续、更为大众所接受的传播形式，我们建议反转优先顺序 - 这是一次从产品营销转向探索和创造新意义的的思维转变。我们要扩大正在缩小的争论范围。我们要以部分通过设计中的视觉语言和资源表达出的其他观点来挑战愈发无可争议的用户主义。
In The Sciences of the Artificial by polymath Herbert A. Simon, the author asserts design to be a meta-discipline of all professions.	在《The Sciences of the Artificial》书中，博学的作者赫伯特A.西蒙声称设计是所有职业的元学科。
"Engineers are not the only professional designers. Everyone designs who devises courses of action aimed at changing existing situations into preferred ones. The intellectual activity that produces material artifacts is no different fundamentally from the one that prescribes remedies for a sick patient or the one that devises a new sales plan for a company or a social welfare policy for a state. Design, so construed, is the core of all professional training; it is the principal mark that distinguishes the professions from the sciences. Schools of engineering, as well as schools of architecture, business, education, law, and medicine, are all centrally concerned with the process of design."	工程师并不是唯一的专业设计师。而每个人都是，为了改变现状每个人都在设计各自的行动方案。从脑力活动上来看，生产材料加工品从根本上无异于给病人开药方或者为公司策划新的销售方案或者为国家制定社会福利政策。如此解释，设计是所有职业培训的核心；是区分职业与科学的主要标志。和工程学院一样，建筑、商业、教育、法律和医学等学院都十分注重设计的过程。

Sample Translation Computer Science

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Source (English)	Target (Chinese)
Unicode is an industry standard whose goal is to provide the means by which text of all forms and languages can be encoded for use by computers through a single character set.	Unicode是一种工业标准，其目标是提供一种方法，通过该方法所有形式的文本和语言可以通过单个字符集进行编码以便由计算机使用。
Originally, text-characters were represented in computers using byte-wide data: each printable character (and many non-printing, or "control" characters) were implemented using a single byte each, which allowed for 256 characters total.	最初，文本字符在计算机中以字节-宽的数据来表示：每个可打印字符（和许多非打印或“控制”字符）由单个字节来实现，其中每个字节共允许256个字符。
However, globalization has created a need for computers to be able to accommodate many different alphabets (and other writing systems) from around the world in an interchangeable way.	然而，全球化创造了一种需求，需要电脑能够以一种可互换的方式容纳来自全球的各种不同的字母(和其他书写系统）。
The old encodings in use included ASCII or EBCDIC, but it was apparent that they were not capable of handling all the different characters and alphabets from around the world.	仍在使用中的旧字符编码包含ASCII或EBCDIC，但他们很明显不能够处理来自全球的各种不同的字符和字母。
The solution to this problem was to create a set of "wide" 16-bit characters that would theoretically be able to accommodate most international language characters.	此问题的解决方案是创建一套“宽”的16位字符，其理论上将能够适应大多数的国际语言字符。
This new charset was first known as the Universal Character Set (UCS), and later standardized as Unicode.	这种新的字符集最初被称为通用字符集（UCS），后来被标准化为Unicode。
However, after the first versions of the Unicode standard it became clear that 65,535 (216) characters would still not be enough to represent every character from all scripts in existence, so the standard was amended to add sixteen supplementary planes of 65,536 characters each, thus bringing the total number of representable code points to 1,114,112.	然而，在Unicode标准的第一个版本出现之后，65,535（2的16次方）个字符很明显仍然不足以表示所有现有脚本的每一个字符，所以人们对该标准进行了修改，为其增加了16个补充位面，其中每个位面包含65,536个字符，从而使可表示的码位总数达到1,114,112个。
To this date, less than 10% of that space is in use.	到今天，该空间只有不到10%正在被使用中。

Sample Translation Banking

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Source (English)	Target (Chinese)
There are two basic concepts in finance: time-value of money and uncertainty about expectations.	金融领域有两个基本概念：货币的时间价值和期望值的不确定性。
The two concepts are the core of financial valuations, including futures contracts.	这两个概念的金融评估核心包括期货合约。
cost-of-carry model is the most widely accepted and used for pricing futures contract	持有成本模型最为广泛接受并用于为期货合约定价。
Cost-of-carry Model	持有成本模型
Cost-of-carry model is an arbitrage-free pricing model.	持有成本模型是一种无套利定价模型。
Its central theme is that futures contract is so priced as to preclude arbitrage profit.	其中心主题是为期货合约定价来排除套利利润。
In other words, investors will be indifferent to spot and futures market to execute their buying and selling of underlying asset because the prices they obtain are effectively the same.	换言之，投资者并不关心现货和期货市场如何操作他们的标的资产交易，因为他们获得的价格实际上是一样的。
Expectations do influence the price, but they influence the spot price and, through it, the futures price.	期望值的确影响价格，但是他们通过影响现货价格来影响期货价格。
They do not directly influence the futures price.	他们间接的影响期货价格。
According to the cost-of-carry model, the futures price is given by Futures price(Fp) = Spot Price(Sp) + Carry Cost(Cc) - Carry Return(Cr) (1)	根据持有成本模型，期货价格由以下公式得出：期货价格（Fp）=现货价格（Sp）+持有成本（Cc）-持有收益（Cr）（1）
Carry cost (CC) is the interest cost of holding the underlying asset (purchased in spot market) until the maturity of futures contract.	持有成本（CC）是指持有的标的资产（在现货市场购买）直到期货合约到期时的利息成本。
Carry return (CR) is the income (e.g., dividend) derived from underlying asset during holding period.	持有收益（CR）是指在持有标的资产期间从中取得的收益（如，分红）。
Thus, the futures price (F) should be equal to spot price (S) plus carry cost minus carry return.	因此，期货价格（F）等于现货价格（S）加上持有成本减去持有收益。
If it is otherwise, there will be arbitrage opportunities as follows	否则，将会有以下套利机会。
When F > (S + CC - CR): Sell the (overpriced) futures contract, buy the underlying asset in spot market and carry it until the maturity of futures contract.	当F>(S+CC-CR)时：卖出（定价过高）期货合约，在现货市场中买入标的资产并持有至期货合约到期。
This is called "cash-and-carry" arbitrage.	这被称为“现货持有”套利。
When F < (S + CC - CR): Buy the (under priced) futures contract, short-sell the underlying asset in spot market and invest the proceeds of short-sale until the maturity of futures contract.	当F<(S+CC-CR)时：买入（定价过低）期货合约，在期货市场中卖空标的资产并投资卖空收益至期货合约到期。
This is called "reverse cash-and-carry" arbitrage.	这被称为“反向现货持有”套利。

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2009 BA/BS at Jiangsu Normal University

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Current Availability

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Hi, my name is Yang Wang

About Me

Top Fields of Expertise

My Work

My Experience

Experience

Education

China

Current Availability

November 2024

Similar Translators

Hubert Chang

Chenggang Chen

Min Xuanping

Hi, my name is
Yang Wang

Sun.	Mon.	Tues.	Wed.	Thurs.	Fri.	Sat.
27	28	29	30	31	1	2
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