Translator Profile: Winifred Bird (winnbird)

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I'm an independent Japanese-to-English translator with nine years' experience producing high quality academic, design, and tourism texts. With nearly a decade of in-country experience and a background in journalism, I produce polished work that conveys both the meaning and tone of the original.

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12
Translation Units

0
Term Concepts

My Work

Sample Translation Art

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Source (Japanese)	Target (English)
紀元前10000年頃を起源とする日本の芸術文化は、歴史的に見ると新文化あるいは外国の考えが突然流入してくる時期があり、その後に海外との接触がほとんどない時期が長く続いている。	Japan's artistic culture was born approximately 12,000 years ago. Since then, sudden influxes of new cultures and foreign ideas have alternated with long periods of minimal contact with other nations.
年月を経て日本人は外国文化の要素を吸収し、真似、そして同化して日本独特の美的嗜好を完成させる能力を身につけた。	Over time, the Japanese developed the ability to absorb, imitate, and eventually assimilated elements of foreign cultures into their own unique set of aesthetic preferences.
日本における最初の複雑な美術は仏教と密接に関連付けられたもので、7、8世紀頃に生まれた。	The first complex art in Japan emerged around the seventh or eighth century AD, and was closely linked with Buddhism.
9世紀になり、日本が次第に中国と距離を置き、自国の表現方法を生み出し始めると、今度は非宗教的な美術に重点が置かれた。	Starting in the ninth century, Japan began to distance itself from China and develop its own methods of artistic expression. This led to an increased emphasis on secular art.
10世紀から12世紀までの国風文化と院政期文化の時代には、日本人好みの文化「和様」が洗練されていった。	During the Kokufu and Inseiki cultural movements of the tenth through twelfth centuries, the Wayo style was refined and came to be widely appreciated.
寝殿造の和様建築には浄土教の影響を受けた浄土式庭園が造成された。	Wayo-style palace architecture of this period was influenced by Pure Land Buddhism, leading to the creation of the Pure Land style of garden (jodo-shiki teien).
禅宗が盛んになる13世紀中期以降は枯山水が流行し、15世紀後期まで、仏教美術と非宗教美術の双方ともが繁栄した。	As Zen Buddhism expanded starting in the mid-thirteenth century, karensui dry landscape gardens came into fashion. From this period until the end of the 15th century, both Buddhist art and secular art flourished.
応仁の乱（1467年-1477年）後100年以上にわたり、日本では政治的、社会的、そして経済的に分裂した戦国時代に突入した。	However, the Onin War (1467-1477) marked the start of the hundred-some-year Warring States era, during which political, social, and economic differences divided the country.
徳川幕府が治める江戸時代に入ると、組織的宗教は人々の生活にはほとんど影響を及ぼすことはなくなり、残った美術は非宗教的なものがほとんどであった。	As the Edo period began, and with it the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate, the influence of organized religion on the everyday lives of ordinary people nearly disappeared. The arts during this period were almost entirely secular.
日本庭園は、17世紀初期より大名の広大な邸宅に回遊式庭園が造られるようになった。	Starting in the early seventeenth century, stroll gardens (kaiyu-shiki teien) were constructed on the sprawling estates of daimyo.
絵画は日本では良質な芸術表現として好まれ、プロもアマも同じように制作を行っている。	Painting is viewed as a high form of artistic expression in Japan, and is practiced by both professionals and amateurs.
現代に至るまでは日本人はペンよりも筆をよく用い、古くから筆になじんでいたため、絵画の美しさや価値を鑑定する眼は非常に鋭かった。	Even today, the Japanese are more likely to use a brush than a pen, and this longstanding familiarity with the brush has led to a national talent for trenchant appraisal of the beauty and value of paintings.

My Experience

Experience

9 yrs.

Education

2002 BA at Amherst College

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Recent Activity

Translated 12 translation units
in the field of art

Language pair: Japanese to English

Jul 11, 2017

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