| A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. |
Chanjo ni maandalizi ya kibaolojia ambayo hutoa kinga inayopatikana kwa ugonjwa fulani. |
| A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. |
Chanjo kwa kawaida huwa na vijidudu vinavyofanana na vijidudu vinavyosababisha ugonjwa na mara nyingi hutengenezwa kutoka kwa aina zilizo dhaifu au zilizouawa za vijidudu hao, sumu yake au moja ya protini zake. |
| The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters. |
vijidudu huchochea mfumo wa kinga ya mwili kuvitambua vijidudu hivyo kama tishio, kuviharibu, na kutambua na kuharibu vijidudu hivyo ambavyo hukutana navyo baadaye. |
| Vaccines can be prophylactic (example: to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (e.g., vaccines against cancer are being investigated). |
Chanjo zinaweza kuwa za kuzuia (mfano: kuzuia au kuboresha athari za maambukizo ya baadaye kwa vijidudu vya asili au "mwitu"), au matibabu (k.m., chanjo dhidi ya saratani inayochunguzwa). |
| The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. |
Ufanisi wa chanjo umesomwa sana na kuthibitishwa; kwa mfano, chanjo ya mafua, chanjo ya HPV, na chanjo ya tetekuwanga. |
| The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available for twenty-five different preventable infections. |
Shirika la Afya Duniani (WHO) linaripoti kuwa chanjo zilizoidhinishwa kwa sasa zinapatikana kwa maambukizi ishirini na tano tofauti yanayoweza kuzuilika. |
| The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. |
Upataji wa chanjo huitwa kuchanjwa. |
| Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. |
Chanjo ni njia bora zaidi ya kuzuia magonjwa ya kuambukiza; Kinga iliyoenea kutokana na chanjo inawajibika kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa kutokomeza ugonjwa wa ndui duniani kote na kuzuia magonjwa kama vile polio, surua na pepopunda kutoka sehemu kubwa ya dunia. |
| Most vaccines are given by hypodermic injection as they are not absorbed reliably through the intestines. |
Chanjo nyingi hutolewa kwa sindano ya chini ya ngozi kwani hazifyonzwi kwa uhakika kupitia matumbo. |
| Live attenuated polio, some typhoid, and some cholera vaccines are given orally to produce immunity in the bowel. |
Polio hai iliyopunguzwa, baadhi ya typhoid, na baadhi ya chanjo za kipindupindu hutolewa kwa mdomo ili kutoa kinga katika utumbo. |
| While vaccination provides a lasting effect, it usually takes several weeks to develop, while passive immunity (the transfer of antibodies) has immediate effect. |
Wakati chanjo hutoa athari ya kudumu, kwa kawaida huchukua wiki kadhaa kufanya kazi, wakati kinga ya papohapo (uhamisho wa kingamwili) ina athari ya haraka. |
