| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
原子是保留物质性质的最小物质粒子，由质子，电子和中子构成 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. |
质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. |
中子是类似于质子但是具有中性电荷的粒子 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. |
正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，只是具有相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而具有相反电荷的粒子相互吸引 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
如果一个鼓励的正质子和负电子相互靠近，他们会聚集在一起形成一个氢原子 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. |
这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）成为静电力，理论上延伸发哦无穷大，但随着粒子之间的距离增加而被稀释 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
当一个原子有一个或多个缺失的电子时，他就会留下一个正电荷，而当一个原子至少有一个额外的电子时，他就会带负电荷 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. |
带正电荷或负电荷使原子成为离子 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
原子只能通过聚变，裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. |
尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子组成，但他们在排斥和吸引方式方面与带电粒子的行为相似 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. |
在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). |
这个原子核被一团巨大的电子云包围，电子云在远处环绕着它，但通过电磁引力（前面讨论的静电力）保持在质子附近 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. |
云以一系列重叠的壳/带的形式存在，其中内部价里充满电子并与原子紧密结合 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. |
外导带不包含电子，除了那些通过获得能量加速到导带的电子 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). |
只要有足够能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比） |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. |
当导带中的电子减速并下降到另一个导带或价带时，会发射光子 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. |
这被称为光电效应 |
