| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
英国天主教的复杂形势致使其出现殖民地。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
美国革命战争期间，最初的13个殖民地中，天主教徒大约占了总人口数的1.6%。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
如果说天主教徒被看做是英国潜在的敌人，那么受英国律法管制的爱尔兰天主教徒就更倒霉了。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在爱尔兰，他们一直受到英国的控制。 |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美洲的某些殖民地，天主教徒依旧不可以在这些地方定居。 |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
尽管他们的宗教首领居住在罗马，但他们还得听从一位名叫詹姆斯.塔尔博特的人的管理。这个人是伦敦教区天主教大主教的官方代表。 |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
战争爆发后，塔尔博特主教宣称自己效忠于英国国王。 |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
（要是他不这么做，英格兰的天主教徒就会有麻烦。反天主教的情绪依旧高涨。） |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他不允许殖民地的任何一位神父到天主教派中任职。 |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
这便无法实践信念了。 |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
这引发了人们对殖民地起义者的同情。 |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陆陆军与法国结盟，他们更加同情天主教。 |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
当法国舰队抵达罗德岛的新港时，殖民地废止了《1664年法案》，允许天主教徒成为当地居民。 |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
（这就表明《宪法权利法案》的条款将以书面的形式对反天主教的法律做出抗击。） |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
战争结束后，罗马教皇造就了一个美国主教——约翰.卡洛。他是建立了马里兰州的卡洛家族的后人，也是可以与罗马直接沟通的美国教区的主教。 |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令托马斯.盖奇将军执行《不可容忍法令》，并关闭马塞诸塞州的立法机构。 |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇决定没收位于康科尔德的殖民地的武装装备。 |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775年4月19日，盖奇的军队向康科尔德进发。 |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
在途经的莱克星顿镇，美国人已经从保罗.里维尔那里以及其他一些英国人的运动中得到警告，他们试图阻止军队。 |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
没有人知道哪方先开的火，但却使得英国人和民兵们在莱克星顿爆发了战火。 |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
民兵们在开阔的田野上与数量远胜于自己的英国正规军进行正面对战，很快就败下阵来。 |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
然而，警钟响彻了整个村庄。 |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
殖民地的民兵如潮水般地涌入，并在英国人进军康科尔德时对他们展开了游击战。 |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
所有的殖民地都将军队集结在了康科尔德。 |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他们把英国人的火力控制在那里，并把英国人击退了。 |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
他们随后要求拿回军火库的军火。 |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
英国人在持续的、猛烈的炮火下从四面八方撤到波士顿。 |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
只有波士顿郊外的那一支配备了大炮的增援部队才使得撤退的英国人不至于彻底败退。 |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天，英国人醒来后发现波士顿的四周围了2万名手持武器的殖民者，他们把通往城市所在半岛的陆上狭长地带给占领了。 |
