| 地球科学是指一切研究地球的科学，是行星科学的专门分支。 |
The Earth sciences refer to any field of science concerned with the planet Earth. It is considered a subfield of the astronomical sciences. |
| 各学科通常会以物理、地理、地质、气象、数学、化学、生物的角度研究地球。 |
Each field often uses physics, geography, geology, climate, mathematics, chemistry, and biology to examine the Earth. |
| 它和人类的生活息息相关，人们手上所戴的黄金饰品和钻石，都是来自地球的矿产资源；盖房子所用的砂、石、水泥，其原料也是来自地球；所吃的鱼虾，大都取自海洋；气温的变化影响生活甚巨；天体的运行，也时时刻刻影响着我们。 |
The Earth sciences are intimately linked to our daily lives. The gold accessories and diamonds people wear are sourced from Earth's mineral deposits. The sand, stone, and cement used to build houses are also taken from the Earth. The fish and shrimp we eat, we fish from the Earth's oceans. The changes in our climate have drastic consequences on human life. And of course, the motions of the heavens also influence us from time to time. |
| 因此，地球科学是一门很基础、很重要的的学科。 |
Hence, Earth science is a fundamental field in academia. |
| 地球科學的範圍很廣，涵蓋地質學、海洋學、氣象學和天文學等領域。 |
It covers a wide range of subjects, including but not limited to geology, oceanography, meteorology, and astronomy. |
| 地質學在探討地球的歷史與各部分組成，包括其演化和各種礦學、岩石以及礦產的分布；海洋學在研究海水的運動、海水的物理與化學性質及海底地形；氣象學在分析大氣的組成、構造和運動；而有關地球起源、太陽系的形成和天體的運動變化，乃至宇宙的演化，均屬天文學的研究範圍。 |
Geology examines the history and formation of the Earth, including its evolution and the distribution of minerals and rocks across its surface. Oceanography examines the motion of the seas, the physical and chemical properties of seawater, and the topography of underwater terrain. Meteorology analyzes the formation, composition and motion of the atmosphere. Finally, the origins of the Earth and the Solar System and the motion of objects in space, along with the evolution of the entire universe, fall under the domain of astronomy. |
| 以隕石撞擊地球為例：高溫高壓撞擊地球的結果，勢必引起地形與地質的變化；飛揚在大氣中的粉塵微粒會遮蔽陽光，大氣和海水溫度因而降低。 |
For example, take the impact of an asteroid on Earth. A high-temperature, high-pressure collision with Earth naturally leads to changes in the land's topography and composition. Moreover, particles of dust in the atmosphere will block sunlight, lowering the temperature of both the atmosphere and the oceans. |
| 因此，看似簡單的天文事件，卻引起地質、氣象和海洋的變化，可見各領域關係密切、環環相扣。 |
Thus, a seemingly simple astoronomical event incites shifts in geology, meteorology, and oceanography. It can be seen from this example that every field in the Earth sciences is interlinked with every other field. |
