| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
Atom, mafi ƙanƙanta barbashi na kwayoyin halitta waɗanda ke riƙe da kaddarorin al'amarin, an yi su ne daga protons, electrons, da neutrons. |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. |
Protons suna da caji mai kyau, Electrons suna da mummunan caji wanda ke soke cajin tabbataccen proton. |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. |
Neutrons barbashi ne masu kama da proton amma suna da cajin tsaka tsaki. |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. |
Babu wani bambance-bambance tsakanin tabbataccen caji da mara kyau sai dai barbashi masu caji iri ɗaya suna tunkuɗe juna kuma ɓangarorin da ke da cajin saɓani suna jan hankalin juna. |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
Idan aka sanya keɓaɓɓen proton mai kyau da na'urar lantarki kusa da juna za su taru su samar da atom ɗin hydrogen |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. |
Wannan turewa da jan hankali (ƙarfi tsakanin ɓangarorin da aka caje a tsaye) ana kiran su da Ƙarfin Electrostatic kuma yana haɓaka bisa ka'ida zuwa marar iyaka, amma ana diluted yayin da nisa tsakanin barbashi ke ƙaruwa. |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
Lokacin da zarra yana da ɗaya ko fiye da bacewar electrons an bar shi da caji mai kyau, kuma idan atom yana da ƙarin ƙarin electron aƙalla yana da mummunan caji. |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. |
Samun caji mai inganci ko mara kyau yana sanya zarra ya zama ion. |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
Atoms suna samu da kuma rasa protons da neutrons ta hanyar fusion, fission, da lalatawar rediyoaktif. |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. |
Duk da cewa atom ana yin su ne da barbashi da yawa kuma abubuwa ana yin su da yawa, amma suna yin irin wannan ga barbashi da aka yi ta fuskar yadda suke tunkudewa da jan hankali. |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. |
A cikin zarra protons da neutrons suna haɗuwa don ƙirƙirar tsakiya mai ɗaure tam |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). |
Wannan tsakiya yana kewaye da babban gajimare na electrons da ke kewaya shi a nesa amma ana riƙe shi kusa da protons ta hanyar jan hankali na lantarki (ƙarfin lantarki da aka tattauna a baya). |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. |
Gajimaren yana wanzuwa azaman jeri na harsashi / makada wanda aka cika maƙallan valence na ciki da electrons kuma an ɗaure su da zarra. |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. |
Ƙwayoyin watsawa na waje ba su ƙunshi electrons ba sai waɗanda suka yi hanzari zuwa ga makada ta hanyar samun kuzari. |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). |
Tare da isasshen makamashi lantarki zai tsere daga zarra (kwatanta da gudun tserewar roka a sararin samaniya). |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. |
Lokacin da na'urar lantarki a cikin bandejin conduction ya ɓace kuma ya faɗi zuwa wani band ɗin gudanarwa ko ƙungiyar valence ta fito da photon. |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. |
An san wannan a matsayin tasirin photoelectric |
