| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
英国天主教复杂的情况对其殖民地造成了影响。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
美国独立战争期间，天主教徒的人数约占美国最初13个殖民地总人口的1.6%。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
如果天主教徒是英国政府眼中的潜在敌人，那么受英国统治的爱尔兰天主教徒则会受到双重谴责。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在爱尔兰，天主教徒曾受英国统治。 |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美国，天主教徒仍不能在某些殖民地定居。 |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
虽然他们的宗教领袖在罗马，但是其官方领袖代表是伦敦教区的天主教主教詹姆斯·塔尔博特(James Talbot)。 |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
美国独立战争暴发时，塔尔博特主教向英国王室表示了他的忠诚。 |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
（如果他当时没那样做，英国的天主教徒就会陷入麻烦，因为那时人们反天主教的情绪仍很高涨。） |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止所有牧师进行圣餐仪式。 |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
这一做法使得实现信仰这一事成为了不可能， |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
也引起了人们对殖民反抗者的同情。 |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陆军队与法国的同盟在信仰方面越来越志同道合。 |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
法国舰队抵达罗得岛州纽波特后，殖民地废除了1664年法案，并承认天主教徒的公民权。 |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
这预示了《权利法案》将把反天主教的法律从条款中剔除。 |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
战争结束后，教皇创造了美国教主约翰·卡罗尔（John Carroll），约翰·卡罗尔是卡罗尔家族的后代，该家族曾帮助建立马里兰州；教皇话创造了能与罗马直接沟通的美国教会。 |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令托马斯·盖奇将军实施不可容忍法案，并关闭马萨诸塞州立法机构。 |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇决定前往康科德没收一批殖民武器。 |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775年4月19日，盖奇的军队向康科德进发。 |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
途经列克辛顿镇的路上，那里的美国人试图停止军队前进，因为此前保罗·里维尔（Paul Revere）和其他英国人曾警告过这里的美国人。 |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
没有人知道谁会打出第一枪，但此举点燃了英军和民兵之间在列克辛顿格林的战火。 |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
在一个开阔的战场上，面对数量上占绝对优势的英国常规军队，民兵很快被击溃。 |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
虽然如此，全镇还是响起了警报。 |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
英军向康科德进军时，殖民地民兵蜂拥而至，并对英军发起了游击战。 |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民地居民在康科德集结了大批军队， |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
在那里与英军交战，并击退了他们 |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
随后他们要求获取军械库的物品。 |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
在四面八方的炮火攻击下，英军撤退到了波士顿。 |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
在波士顿郊区，一个大炮支援的增援纵队援助了正在撤退的英军，因此英军免于彻底失败。 |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天，英军醒来来后发现波士顿被两万名武装殖民者包围，并且占据了波士顿所在半岛的颈部地带。 |
