| Reality and Illusion |
现实与幻觉 |
| Death of a Salesman uses flashbacks to present Willy's memory during the reality. |
《推销员之死》用倒叙的手法呈现了威利的现实中的记忆。 |
| The illusion not only “suggests the past, but also presents the lost pastoral life.” |
这种幻觉不仅“暗示了过去，也呈现了失落的田园生活”。 |
| Willy has dreamed of success his whole life and makes up lies about his and Biff's success. |
威利一生都梦想着成功，编造自己和毕夫的成功的谎言。 |
| The more he indulges in the illusion, the harder it is for him to face reality. |
他越沉溺于幻想，就越难面对现实。 |
| Biff is the only one who realizes that the whole family lived in the lies and tries to face the truth. |
比夫是唯一一个意识到整个家庭生活在谎言中并试图面对真相的人。 |
| Willy Loman |
威利·洛曼 |
| Willy Loman dreams of being a successful salesman like Dave Singleman, somebody who has both wealth and freedom. |
威利·洛曼梦想成为戴夫·辛格那样的成功推销员，一个既富有又自由的人。 |
| Willy believes that the key to success is being well-liked, and his frequent flashbacks show that he measures happiness in terms of wealth and popularity. |
威利认为，成功的关键是受人欢迎，而他频繁的回忆表明，他是用财富和声望来衡量幸福的。 |
| One analyst of the play writes: “Society tries to teach that, if people are rich and well-liked, they will be happy. Because of this, Willy thought that money would make him happy. He never bothered to try to be happy with what he had …”Willy also believes that to attain success, one must have a suitable personality. |
一篇关于本剧的评论写到:“社会试图教导人们，如果人们富有且受人喜爱，他们就会幸福。正因为如此，威利认为金钱会使他幸福。威利还认为，要想获得成功，一个人必须拥有合适的性格。 |
| According to another analyst, “He believes that salesmanship is based on ‘sterling traits of character’ and ‘a pleasing personality.’ But Willy does not have the requisite sterling traits of character; people simply do not like him as much as he thinks is necessary for success.” |
另一篇评论表示:“他认为，推销工作的基础是‘优秀的性格特征’和‘讨人喜欢的个性’。”“但是威利并不具备必要的优秀的性格特征;人们只是不像他认为的那样喜欢他，因为他认为这是成功的必要条件。” |
| Uncle Ben |
本叔叔 |
| Ben symbolizes another kind of successful American Dream for Willy: to catch opportunity, to conquer nature, and to gain a fortune. |
本象征着威利成功的另一种美国梦:抓住机会，征服自然，获得财富。 |
| His mantra goes: “Why, boys, when I was seventeen I walked into the jungle, and when I was twenty-one I walked out. (He laughs.) And by God I was rich.” |
他的口头禅是:“为什么，孩子们，我17岁的时候走进丛林，21岁的时候走出丛林。(他笑着说)上帝作证，我是富有的。” |
| Biff |
比夫 |
| After seeing his father's real identity, Biff does not follow his father's “dream” because he knows that, as two analysts put it, “Willy does see his future but in a blind way. Meaning that he can and cannot see at the same time, since his way of seeing or visualizing the future is completely wrong.” |
在看到父亲的真实身份后，毕夫没有追随父亲的“梦想”，因为他知道，正如两篇评论所说，“威利确实看到了他的未来，但是以一种盲目的方式。”也就是说，他既可以看，也不能同时看，因为他看到或想象未来的方式是完全错误的。” |
| Bernard and Charley |
伯纳德和查理 |
| One thing that is apparent from the Death of a Salesman is the hard work and dedication of Charley and Bernard. |
从《推销员之死》一书中可以明显看出查理和伯纳德的辛勤工作和奉献精神。 |
| Willy criticizes Charley and Bernard throughout the play, but it is not because he hates them. |
威利在整部戏中都批评查理和伯纳，但并不是因为他讨厌他们。 |
| Rather, it's argued that he is jealous of the successes they have enjoyed, which is outside his standards. |
相反，有人认为他是嫉妒他们所获得的成功，这超出了他的标准。 |
| The models of business success provided in the play all argue against Willy's "personality theory." |
剧中提供的商业成功模式都与威利的“人格理论”相悖。 |
| One is Charley, Willy's neighbor and apparently only friend. |
一个是查理，威利的邻居，显然也是唯一的朋友。 |
| Charley has no time for Willy's theories of business, but he provides for his family and is in a position to offer Willy a do-nothing job to keep him bringing home a salary. |
查理没有时间听威利的商业理论，但他养活了他的家庭，并提供给威利一份无所事事的工作，让他能够糊口。 |
| (Bloom 51) |
（布鲁姆 51页） |
