| Independent filmmaking often takes place outside Hollywood, or other major studio systems. |
獨立製片通常發生在好萊塢或其他主要片廠體系之外。 |
| An independent film (or indie film) is a film initially produced without financing or distribution from a major film studio. |
獨立電影是一種最初製作時就沒有接受大型製片廠資金或發行的電影。 |
| Creative, business and technological reasons have all contributed to the growth of the indie film scene in the late 20th and early 21st century. |
創意、商業和技術等因素促成了獨立電影界在 20 世紀末和 21 世紀初的成長。 |
| On the business side, the costs of big-budget studio films also lead to conservative choices in cast and crew. |
基於商業考量，大預算片廠電影高昂的成本也導致演員陣容和工作人員的選擇趨向保守。 |
| There is a trend in Hollywood towards co-financing (over two-thirds of the films put out by Warner Bros. in 2000 were joint ventures, up from 10% in 1987). |
好萊塢的趨勢是共同融資（2000 年華納兄弟公司 (Warner Bros) 推出的電影有三分之二以上是合資製作，1987 年則只有一成）。 |
| A hopeful director is almost never given the opportunity to get a job on a big-budget studio film unless he or she has significant industry experience in film or television. |
一位有前途的導演，除非他或她有豐富的電影或電視行業經驗，否則幾乎沒有機會得到大製作電影的工作。 |
| Also, the studios rarely produce films with unknown actors, particularly in lead roles. |
此外，電影公司很少製作不知名演員出演的電影，尤其是主角。 |
| Before the advent of digital alternatives, the cost of professional film equipment and stock was also a hurdle to being able to produce, direct, or star in a traditional studio film. |
在數位替代方案出現之前，專業電影設備和庫存的成本，也是能夠製作、導演或主演傳統製片廠電影的障礙。 |
| But the advent of consumer camcorders in 1985, and more importantly, the arrival of high-resolution digital video in the early 1990s, have lowered the technology barrier to film production significantly. |
但是1985年消費性的便攜式攝影機出現，更重要的是90年代初高解析度數位影片的出現，大大地降低了電影製作的技術門檻。 |
| Both production and post-production costs have been significantly lowered; in the 2000s, the hardware and software for post-production can be installed in a commodity-based personal computer. |
製作和後期製作的成本都大幅降低；在 2000 年代，後期製作的硬體和軟體都可以安裝在以商品化的個人電腦中。 |
| Technologies such as DVDs, FireWire connections and a wide variety of professional and consumer-grade video editing software make film-making relatively affordable. |
DVD、FireWire 這種高素傳輸又可以串聯多台機器和電腦的連接技術，以及各種專業級和消費級視訊編輯軟體等技術，讓製作電影變得相對可負擔。 |
