| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
Atọm, ụmụ irighiri ihe kacha nta nke na-ejigide njirimara nke okwu ahụ, bụ nke protons, electrons, na neutrons. |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. |
Protons nwere ụgwọ dị mma, Electrons nwere ụgwọ na-adịghị mma nke na-akagbu ụgwọ dị mma nke proton. |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. |
Neutron bụ ihe ndị yiri proton mana ha nwere ụgwọ na-anọpụ iche. |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. |
Enweghị ọdịiche dị n'etiti ebubo dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma ma e wezụga na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị nwere otu ụgwọ na-achụpụ ibe ha na ihe ndị nwere ebubo dị iche na-adọta ibe ha. |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
Ọ bụrụ na edobere proton na-adịghị mma na electron na-adịghị mma n'akụkụ ibe ha, ha ga-agbakọta ọnụ iji mepụta atom hydrogen |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. |
Nke a na-asọ oyi na mma (ike n'etiti ndị na-anagide urughuru) bụ nke a maara dị ka Electrostatic Force na gbatịa theoretically ruo enweghi ngwụcha, ma na-diluted ka anya n'etiti ahụ na-abawanye. |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
Mgbe atom nwere otu electron ma ọ bụ karịa na-efu, a na-ahapụ ya na ụgwọ dị mma, na mgbe atom nwere opekata mpe otu mgbakwunye elektrọn ọ nwere ụgwọ na-adịghị mma. |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. |
Inwe ụgwọ dị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma na-eme ka atom bụrụ ion. |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
Atọm na-enweta ma na-efunahụ protons na neutrons site na ngwakọta, fission, na ire ere redioaktivu. |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. |
Ọ bụ ezie na atom bụ nke ọtụtụ irighiri ihe na-emepụta ihe na ọtụtụ atom, ha na-akpa àgwà n'otu aka ahụ na ụmụ irighiri ihe n'ihe gbasara otu ha si azụ ma na-adọta. |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. |
N'ime atom, protons na neutrons na-ejikọta wee mepụta nucleus ejikọtara nke ọma. |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). |
Igwe igwe eletrọn buru ibu gbara ya gburugburu ma na-ejide ya nso proton site na mmasi electromagnetic (ike electrostatic a tụlere na mbụ). |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. |
Igwe ojii dị ka usoro nke shells/bands na-ekpuchi elu nke eriri valence dị n'ime jupụtara na electron ma jikọta ya na atom. |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. |
Mgbawa ikuku nke dị n'èzí enweghị eletrọn ma ewezuga ndị gbagoro ngwa ngwa na band conduction site n'inweta ume. |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). |
Site na ike zuru oke, elektrọn ga-agbanarị atom (tụnyere ọsọ mgbapụ nke rọketi oghere). |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. |
Mgbe igwe eletrọn dị na band conduction na-ebelata wee daa na band conduction ọzọ ma ọ bụ valence band a na-ewepụta foton. |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. |
A maara nke a dị ka mmetụta fotoelectric. |
