| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
situasi yang kompleks pada katolik di inggris membuat dampak pada koloninya |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
Pada saat revolusi Amerika, umat Katolik membentuk sekitar 1,6% dari total populasi Amerika dari 13 koloni asli. |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
Jika umat Katolik dipandang sebagai musuh potensial negara Inggris, umat Katolik Irlandia, yang tunduk pada pemerintahan Inggris, terkutuk ganda. |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
Di Irlandia mereka tunduk pada dominasi Inggris. |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
Di Amerika, umat Katolik masih dilarang menetap di beberapa koloni. |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
Meskipun kepala kepercayaan mereka tinggal di Roma, mereka berada di bawah perwakilan resmi dari Uskup Katolik Keuskupan London, salah satunya James Talbot. |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
Saat Perang dimulai, Uskup Talbot menyatakan kesetiaannya kepada Kerajaan Inggris. |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
(Jika dia melakukan sebaliknya, umat Katolik di Inggris akan mendapat masalah. Sentimen anti-Katolik masih tinggi.) |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
Dia melarang imam Kolonial mana pun untuk melayani Komuni. |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
Ini membuat praktik iman menjadi tidak mungkin. |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
Ini menciptakan simpati bagi pemberontak Kolonial. |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
Aliansi Angkatan Darat Kontinental dengan Prancis meningkatkan simpati terhadap keyakinan tersebut. |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
Ketika armada Prancis tiba di Newport, Rhode Island, koloni tersebut mencabut Undang-Undang 1664 dan mengizinkan kewarganegaraan bagi umat Katolik. |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
(Ini mengantisipasi ketentuan Undang-undang Hak Konstitusional yang akan menghapus undang-undang anti-Katolik dari buku.) |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
Setelah perang, Paus menciptakan seorang Uskup Amerika, John Carroll -- keturunan dari Carroll yang sama yang telah membantu mendirikan Maryland -- dan Keuskupan Amerika yang berkomunikasi langsung dengan Roma. |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
Pemerintah Inggris memerintahkan Jenderal Thomas Gage untuk menegakkan Intolerable Acts dan menutup badan legislatif Massachusetts. |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
Gage memutuskan untuk menyita persediaan senjata kolonial yang terletak di Concord. |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
Pada 19 April 1775, pasukan Gage berbaris ke Concord. |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
Dalam perjalanan, di kota Lexington, orang Amerika yang telah diperingatkan sebelumnya oleh Paul Revere dan gerakan Inggris lainnya berusaha menghentikan pasukan. |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
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| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
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| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
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| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
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| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
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| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
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| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
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| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
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| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
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| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
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