| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
كان الوضع المعقد للكاثولوكية في بريطانيا العظمى نتائج في مستعماراتهم |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
في زمن الثورة الامريكية, الكاثوليك شكلوا 1.6% من اجمالي السكان الامريكيين في المستعمرات ال13 الأصلية |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
اذا كان النظر على الكاثوليك على انهم اعداء محتملون للدولة البريطانية فان الكاثوليك الايرلنديين الخاضعين للحكم البريطاني كانوا ملعونيين بشكل مضاعف |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
في ايرلندا كانوا خاضعين للسيطرة البريطانية |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
في امريكا كان الكاثوليك لا يزالون ممنوعين من الاستقرار في بعض المستعمرات |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
على الرغم من أن رأس إيمانهم سكن في روما ، إلا أنهم كانوا تحت التمثيل الرسمي للأسقف الكاثوليكي لأبرشية لندن ، جيمس تالبوت. |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
عندما بدأت الحرب, اعلن الاسقف تالبوت اخلاصه للتاج البريطاني |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
(لو فعل خلاف ذلك ، لكان الكاثوليك في إنجلترا في ورطة. لا تزال المشاعر المعادية للكاثوليكية مرتفعة.) |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
هو منع اي كاهن استعماري من خدمة المناولة |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
هذا جعل ممارسة الايمان شيء مستحيل |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
هذا خلق تعاطفا مع المتمردين الاستعماريين. |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
زاد تحالف الجيش القاري مع الفرنسيين من التعاطف مع الإيمان. |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
عندما وصل الأسطول الفرنسي إلى نيوبورت ، رود آيلاند ، ألغت المستعمرة قانون عام 1664 وسمحت بالجنسية للكاثوليك. |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
(توقع هذا حكم وثيقة الحقوق الدستورية التي من شأنها أن تلغي القوانين المناهضة للكاثوليكية من الكتب.) |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
بعد الحرب ، أنشأ البابا أسقفا أمريكيا ، جون كارول - سليل نفس كارولز الذي ساعد في تأسيس ماريلاند - وأبرشية أمريكية تتواصل مباشرة مع روما. |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
أمرت الحكومة البريطانية الجنرال توماس غيج بفرض القوانين التي لا تطاق وإغلاق المجلس التشريعي لولاية ماساتشوستس. |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
قرر غيج مصادرة مخزون من الأسلحة الاستعمارية الموجودة في كونكورد. |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
في 19 ابريل 1775 سارت قوات غيج إلى كونكورد |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
في الطريق ، في بلدة ليكسينغتون ، حاول الأمريكيون الذين تم تحذيرهم مسبقا من قبل بول ريفير وآخرين من الحركات البريطانية إيقاف القوات. |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
لا أحد يعرف أي جانب أطلق الطلقة الأولى ، لكنها أشعلت معركة في ليكسينغتون جرين بين البريطانيين والمينوتمين. |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
في مواجهة ضد عدد كبير من القوات النظامية البريطانية في حقل مفتوح ، سرعان ما تم هزيمة الميونوتيمين. |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
ومع ذلك ، دوت انذارات الخطر في الريف. |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
تدفقت الميليشيات الاستعمارية وتمكنت من شن هجمات حرب عصابات على البريطانيين أثناء سيرهم إلى كونكورد. |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
تجمع المستعمرون من القوات في كونكورد. |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
لقد اشتبكوا مع البريطانيين بقوة هناك ، وتمكنوا من صدهم. |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
ثم طالبوا بمحتويات مستودع الأسلحة |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
تراجع البريطانيون إلى بوسطن تحت نيران مستمرة وذابلة من جميع الجهات. |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
فقط عمود التعزيز بدعم مدفعي في ضواحي بوسطن منع الانسحاب البريطاني من أن يصبح هزيمة كاملة. |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
في اليوم التالي استيقظ البريطانيون ليجدوا بوسطن محاطة ب 20.000 مستعمر مسلح ، يحتلون عنق الأرض الممتدة إلى شبه الجزيرة التي وقفت عليها المدينة. |
