| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
天主教在英国的复杂处境对其殖民地产生了影响。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
在美国独立战争时期，天主教徒约占最初13个殖民地美国总人口的1.6%。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
如果天主教徒被视为英国的潜在敌人，那么受英国统治的爱尔兰天主教徒就会受到双重损害。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在爱尔兰，他们曾受英国统治。 |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美国，天主教徒仍被禁止在一些殖民地定居。 |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
虽然他们信仰之首居住在罗马，但他们的官方代表是伦敦教区的天主教主教詹姆斯·塔尔博特。 |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
战争开始时，塔尔博特主教宣布效忠英国王室。 |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
(如果他不这么做，英国的天主教徒就会陷入困境。反天主教情绪依然高涨。) |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止任何殖民地牧师参加圣餐。 |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
这使得人们不可能做到对信仰的实践。 |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
引起了人们对殖民地叛军的同情。 |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陆军与法国的结盟增加了人们对这种信仰的同情。 |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
当法国舰队抵达罗德岛的新港时，殖民地废除了1664年的法案，允许天主教徒成为公民。 |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
(这预示着《宪法权利法案》的条款会将反天主教的法律从书中删除。) |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
战后，教皇设立了一位美国主教约翰-卡罗尔（John Carroll）--他是曾帮助建立马里兰州的卡罗尔家族的后裔--以及一个与罗马直接联系的美国教区。 |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令托马斯·盖奇将军强制执行《不可容忍法案》，并关闭了马萨诸塞州的立法机构。 |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇决定没收位于康科德的殖民地军火库存。 |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775年4月19日，盖奇的军队向康科德进军。 |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
途中，在列克星敦镇，事先被保罗-里维尔和其他人警告过英军动向的美国人试图阻止部队。 |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
没有人知道是哪一方先开了第一枪，但它在列克星敦格林引发了英国人和民兵之间的战斗。 |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
在开阔的战场上，面对人数占压倒性优势的英国正规军，民兵们很快被击溃。 |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
然而，警报声响彻乡间。 |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
殖民地民兵涌入，在英国人向康科德进军的同时，还能对他们发起游击。 |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民者在康科德集结了军队。 |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他们在那里与英国人交战，并且击退了英国人。 |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
然后，他们要索要军械库中的物品。 |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
英军在四面八方持续不断的猛烈火力下撤退到波士顿。 |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
只有在波士顿郊区的一支增援部队和炮兵的支援才使英军没有彻底溃败。 |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天，英国人一觉醒来，发现波士顿被两万名全副武装的殖民者包围，他们占领了延伸到波士顿所在半岛的颈部地带。 |
