| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
Situasi kompleks Katolik di Inggris telah menghasilkan Koloni mereka. |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
Pada saat revolusi Amerika, Katolik membentuk kurang lebih 1,6% dari populasi keseluruhan Amerika dari 13 koloni. |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
Apabila Katolik dipandang sebagai musuh potensial negara Inggris, umat Katolik Irlandia, yang tunduk pada kekuasaan Inggris, dikhianati. |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
Di Irlandia mereka telah tunduk terhadap dominasi Inggris. |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
Di Amerika, umat Katolik masih dilarang menetap di beberapa koloni. |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
Meskipun kepala agama mereka berdiam di Roma, mereka berada di bawah perwakilan resmi dari Uskup Katolik Keuskupan London, satu James Talbot. |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
Ketika Perang dimulai, Uskup Talbot menyatakan kesetiaannya kepada Kerajaan Inggris. |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
(Jika dia melakukan yang sebaliknya, umat Katolik di Inggris akan berada dalam kesulitan. Sentimen anti-Katolik masih tinggi.) |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
Dia melarang pendeta Kolonial untuk melayani Komuni. |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
Ini membuat praktik agama mustahil. |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
Ini menciptakan simpati bagi para pemberontak Kolonial. |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
Aliansi Angkatan Darat Kontinental dengan Prancis meningkatkan simpati terhadap agama. |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
Ketika armada Prancis tiba di Newport, Rhode Island, koloni mencabut Undang-Undang 1664 dan mengizinkan kewarganegaraan bagi umat Katolik. |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
(Ini mengantisipasi ketentuan Undang-Undang Hak Konstitusional yang akan menyerang hukum anti-Katolik dari buku-buku.) |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
Setelah perang, Paus menciptakan seorang Uskup Amerika, John Carroll - keturunan Carroll yang sama yang telah membantu menemukan Maryland - dan Keuskupan Amerika berkomunikasi langsung dengan Roma. |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
Pemerintah Inggris memerintahkan Jenderal Thomas Gage untuk menegakkan Undang-Undang Tak Bertoleransi dan menutup badan legislatif Massachusetts. |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
Gage memutuskan untuk menyita persediaan senjata kolonial yang terletak di Concord. |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
Pada tanggal 19 April 1775, pasukan Gage berbaris menuju Concord. |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
Dalam perjalanan, di kota Lexington, orang-orang Amerika yang telah diperingatkan sebelumnya oleh Paul Revere dan yang lainnya dari gerakan-gerakan Inggris berusaha menghentikan pasukan. |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
Tak seorang pun yang tahu sisi mana yang melepaskan tembakan pertama, tetapi itu memicu pertempuran di Lexington Green antara Inggris dan Minutemen. |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
Menghadapi jumlah pasukan reguler Inggris yang sangat luar biasa di lapangan terbuka, Minutemen dengan cepat dialihkan. |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
Namun demikian, alarm terdengar di pedesaan. |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
Milisi kolonial membanjiri dan mampu melancarkan serangan gerilya terhadap Inggris sementara mereka berbaris ke Concord. |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
Mereka melibatkan pasukan Inggris di sana, dan mereka mampu memukul mundur mereka. |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
Mereka kemudian mengklaim isi gudang senjata. |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
Orang Inggris mundur ke Boston di bawah api yang terus-menerus dan meremukkan dari semua sisi. |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
Hanya kolom penguat dengan dukungan artileri di pinggiran Boston yang mencegah penarikan Inggris dari kekalahan total. |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
Hari berikutnya, Inggris bangun dan menemukan Boston dikelilingi oleh 20.000 kolonis bersenjata, yang menempati leher tanah yang meluas ke semenanjung kota itu berdiri. |
