| The definition of health has evolved over time. |
健康的定义随着时间在变化。 |
| In keeping with the biomedical perspective, early definitions of health focused on the theme of the body's ability to function; health was seen as a state of normal function that could be disrupted from time to time by disease. |
从生物医学的角度来看，早期的健康定义着眼于躯体功能是否正常；健康被视作躯体功能正常的一种状态，这种状态可能时不时被疾病所干扰。 |
| An example of such a definition of health is: "a state characterized by anatomic, physiologic, and psychological integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with physical, biologic, psychological, and social stress". |
这种健康定义的一个示例：“以解剖、躯体和心理完整为特征，能够正常履行家庭、工作及社会个人价值的角色，有能力处理身体、生理、心理及社会压力的一种状态。” |
| Then, in 1948, in a radical departure from previous definitions, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a definition that aimed higher, linking health to well-being, in terms of "physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". |
后来世界卫生组织 （WHO）于1948年提出了一个更高的、较之前有着根本性改变的定义，将健康与适应性良好挂钩，具体表述为“躯体、心理及社会适应性良好，而不仅仅是没有疾病或孱弱”。 |
| Although this definition was welcomed by some as being innovative, it was also criticized as being vague, excessively broad, and was not construed as measurable. |
尽管该定义因其创新性而受到了一些人的欢迎，但也有人批评它含糊不清、过于宽泛，且缺乏衡量标准。 |
| For a long time it was set aside as an impractical ideal and most discussions of health returned to the practicality of the biomedical model. |
该定义在很长一段时间内都被认为是不切实际的理想定义，大多有关健康的讨论还是回到了务实的生物医学模型上来。 |
| Just as there was a shift from viewing disease as a state to thinking of it as a process, the same shift happened in definitions of health. |
人们之前将疾病视作一种状态，后来将其视作一种过程；人们对健康的定义也发生了类似的改变。 |
| Again, the WHO played a leading role when it fostered the development of the health promotion movement in the 1980s. |
WHO于二十世纪八十年代在引导健康促进运动的过程中，再一次起到了关键作用。 |
| This brought in a new conception of health, not as a state, but in dynamic terms of resiliency, in other words, as "a resource for living". |
这为健康带来了新的概念，健康不再是一种状态，而是一种动态的弹性恢复。换句话说，健康是“生活的一种资源”。 |
| The 1984 WHO revised definition of health defined it as "the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities". |
1984年WHO修订健康的定义为“个体或群体能够实现愿望并满足需求、改变或适应环境的一种广泛存续。健康不是生活的目标，而是生活的一种资源。这是一个积极的概念，强调社会与个人资源，以及躯体的能力。” |
| Thus, health referred to the ability to maintain homeostasis and recover from insults. |
因此健康是指维持稳态以及从损伤中恢复的能力。 |
| Mental, intellectual, emotional, and social health referred to a person's ability to handle stress, to acquire skills, to maintain relationships, all of which form resources for resiliency and independent living |
精神、智力、情感与社会健康是指个体应对压力、习得技能与维持社会关系的能力，这一切构成了弹性恢复与独立生活的资源。 |
