| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
天主教在英国的复杂情况造成他们的殖民地。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
美国革命时期，天主教徒约占13个殖民地美国总人口的1.6% 。
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| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
如果天主教徒被英国政府视为潜在的敌人，受英国统治的爱尔兰天主教徒，就会受到双重谴责。
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| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在爱尔兰，他们受到英国的统治。
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| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
在美国，天主教徒仍被禁止在殖民地定居。
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| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
虽然他们的信仰领袖在罗马，但他们受天主教伦敦教区主教，詹姆斯 · 塔尔博特管辖。
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| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
战争开始时，塔尔博特主教宣布忠于英国王室。
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| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
(如果他不这么做，英格兰的天主教徒就麻烦了，反天主教情绪仍然很高)
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| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止任何殖民地牧师服务圣餐。
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| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
这使得信仰的实践变得不可能。
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| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
这引起了对殖民地叛军的同情。
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| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陆军与法国联盟，增加了对信仰的同情。
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| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
当法国舰队抵达罗德岛的纽波特时，殖民地废除了1664年的法案，允许天主教徒获得公民身份。
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| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
(这预示了宪法权利法案的规定，该法案将把反天主教法律从书本中剔除。)
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| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
战后，教皇创立了一位美国主教，约翰・卡罗尔，他的后裔曾帮助建立了马里兰州，还有一个直接与罗马联系的美国教区。
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| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令盖奇将军强制执行不可容忍法案并关闭了马萨诸塞州立法机构。
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| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇决定没收一批在康科德殖民地的库存武器
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| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775年4月19日，盖奇的军队向康科德进军。
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| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
在路上，在列克星敦镇，保罗 · 里维尔和其他英国运动分子事先警告过的美国人，试图阻止军队。
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| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
没有人知道是哪一方开的第一枪，但这在列克星敦绿地引发了英军和民兵之间的战斗。
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| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
在开阔的战场上，面对数量压倒性优势的英国正规军，民兵很快被击溃。
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| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
尽管如此，整个乡村还是响起了警报。
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| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
殖民地的民兵涌入，在英军向康科德进军的时候，他们能够向英军发动游击战。
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| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民地居民在康科德集结了大批军队
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| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他们在那里与英军交战，并击退了他们。
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| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
然后他们缴获了军械库里的东西。
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| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
英国人在四面八方持续猛烈的炮火下撤退到了波士顿。
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| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
只有在波士顿郊外加固了炮火支援的纵队，才避免了英军的全面撤退。
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| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天英国人醒来，发现波士顿被2万名武装殖民者包围，占领了延伸至波士顿半岛的领地。
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