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Przykładowe tłumaczenie Electrical Engineering
Engineering (Electrical) Przykładowe tłumaczenie
| Tekst źródłowy (English) | Tekst docelowy (Chinese) |
|---|---|
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. | 原子是保留物质特性的最小粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。 |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. | 质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，电子的负电荷可以抵消质子的正电荷。 |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. | 中子是与质子相似的粒子，但它们具有中性电荷。 |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. | 正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别，唯一的不同是相同电荷的粒子相互排斥，而相反电荷的粒子相互吸引。 |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. | 如果将一个孤立的正电荷质子和负电荷电子放在一起，它们会结合形成一个氢原子。 |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. | 这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子之间的力）被称为静电力，理论上它可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加而减弱。 |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. | 当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它会带有正电荷；而当一个原子拥有至少一个额外的电子时，它会带有负电荷。 |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. | 带有正电荷或负电荷的原子被称为离子。 |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. | 原子只有通过核聚变、核裂变和放射性衰变才能获得或失去质子和中子。 |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. | 尽管原子由许多粒子组成，物体由许多原子构成，但在排斥和吸引的方式上，它们的行为类似于带电粒子。 |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. | 在一个原子中，质子和中子结合形成一个紧密结合的原子核。 |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). | 这个原子核被大量环绕其运行的电子云包围，虽然这些电子距离原子核较远，但通过电磁吸引力（即前面提到的静电力）被维持在靠近质子的地方。 |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. | 这些电子云以一系列重叠的壳层/带的形式存在，其中内层价带充满了电子并且与原子紧密结合。 |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. | 外层导带中没有电子，除非有电子通过获得能量加速到导带中。 |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). | 当电子获得足够的能量时，它会逃离原子（类似于太空火箭的逃逸速度）。 |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. | 当导带中的电子减速并落到另一个导带或价带时，会发射出一个光子。 |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. | 这被称为光电效应。 |
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Ostatnia aktywność
Przetłumaczył(a) 425 jednostek/ki tłumaczeniowych/e
z dziedzin: engineering (electrical), electronics and electrical engineering
Para językowa: English - Chinese
Jun 18, 2024
