| The definition of health has evolved over time. |
Ufafanuzi wa afya umebadilika kwa muda. |
| In keeping with the biomedical perspective, early definitions of health focused on the theme of the body's ability to function; health was seen as a state of normal function that could be disrupted from time to time by disease. |
Kwa kuzingatia mtazamo wa kimatibabu, ufafanuzi wa awali wa afya ulizingatia mada ya uwezo wa mwili kufanya kazi; afya ilionekana kuwa hali ya kazi ya kawaida ambayo inaweza kuvurugwa mara kwa mara na ugonjwa. |
| An example of such a definition of health is: "a state characterized by anatomic, physiologic, and psychological integrity; ability to perform personally valued family, work, and community roles; ability to deal with physical, biologic, psychological, and social stress". |
Mfano wa ufafanuzi kama huo wa afya ni: "hali inayojulikana na uadilifu wa anatomiki, fiziolojia na kisaikolojia; uwezo wa kutekeleza majukumu ya kibinafsi ya familia, kazi, na jumuiya; uwezo wa kukabiliana na matatizo ya kimwili, ya kibayolojia, kisaikolojia na kijamii." . |
| Then, in 1948, in a radical departure from previous definitions, the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed a definition that aimed higher, linking health to well-being, in terms of "physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity". |
Kisha, mwaka wa 1948, katika kujitenga kwa kiasi kikubwa kutoka kwa ufafanuzi wa awali, Shirika la Afya Ulimwenguni (WHO) lilipendekeza ufafanuzi ambao ulilenga zaidi, kuunganisha afya na ustawi, katika suala la "ustawi wa kimwili, kiakili, na kijamii, na sio. ukosefu wa magonjwa na udhaifu tu" |
| Although this definition was welcomed by some as being innovative, it was also criticized as being vague, excessively broad, and was not construed as measurable. |
Ingawa ufafanuzi huu ulikaribishwa na wengine kama ubunifu, pia ulikosolewa kuwa haueleweki, mpana kupita kiasi, na haukuchukuliwa kuwa wa kupimika. |
| For a long time it was set aside as an impractical ideal and most discussions of health returned to the practicality of the biomedical model. |
Kwa muda mrefu iliwekwa kando kama bora isiyowezekana na mijadala mingi ya afya ilirudi kwa vitendo vya modeli ya matibabu. |
| Just as there was a shift from viewing disease as a state to thinking of it as a process, the same shift happened in definitions of health. |
Kama vile kulikuwa na mabadiliko kutoka kwa kuona ugonjwa kama hali hadi kufikiria kama mchakato, mabadiliko sawa yalitokea katika ufafanuzi wa afya. |
| Again, the WHO played a leading role when it fostered the development of the health promotion movement in the 1980s. |
Tena, WHO ilichukua jukumu kuu wakati ilikuza maendeleo ya harakati za kukuza afya katika miaka ya 1980. |
| This brought in a new conception of health, not as a state, but in dynamic terms of resiliency, in other words, as "a resource for living". |
Hii ilileta dhana mpya ya afya, si kama serikali, bali katika hali ya uthabiti, kwa maneno mengine, kama "rasilimali ya kuishi". |
| The 1984 WHO revised definition of health defined it as "the extent to which an individual or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living; it is a positive concept, emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities". |
Ufafanuzi mpya wa WHO wa 1984 wa afya ulifafanua kuwa "kiwango ambacho mtu binafsi au kikundi kinaweza kutimiza matarajio na kukidhi mahitaji, na kubadilisha au kukabiliana na mazingira. Afya ni rasilimali kwa maisha ya kila siku, si lengo la kuishi." ; ni dhana chanya, inayosisitiza rasilimali za kijamii na kibinafsi, pamoja na uwezo wa kimwili". |
| Thus, health referred to the ability to maintain homeostasis and recover from insults. |
Kwa hivyo, afya ilirejelea uwezo wa kudumisha homeostasis na kupona kutokana na matusi. |
| Mental, intellectual, emotional, and social health referred to a person's ability to handle stress, to acquire skills, to maintain relationships, all of which form resources for resiliency and independent living |
Afya ya kiakili, kiakili, kihisia na kijamii ilirejelea uwezo wa mtu wa kushughulikia mafadhaiko, kupata ujuzi, kudumisha uhusiano, ambayo yote huunda rasilimali za uvumilivu na maisha ya kujitegemea. |
