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Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子是保持物质特性的最小物质粒子，由质子、电子和中子组成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带有正电荷，电子带有负电荷，可以抵消质子的正电荷。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是一种与质子相似但带中性电荷的粒子。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了电荷相同的粒子相互排斥，电荷相反的粒子相互吸引之外，正电荷和负电荷之间没有区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果把一个单独的正质子和负电子放在一起，它们就会结合成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种斥力和吸引力（静止带电粒子之间的作用力）被称为静电力，理论上可以延伸到无限远，但随着粒子间距离的增加会被稀释。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子缺少一个或多个电子时，它就会带正电荷，而当一个原子至少多了一个电子时，它就会带负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	带有正电荷或负电荷的原子就是离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子只能通过聚变、裂变和放射性衰变来获得和失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子是由许多粒子组成的，物体也是由许多原子组成的，但它们在排斥和吸引方面的表现与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在原子中，质子和中子结合成一个紧密结合的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	原子核周围有大量的电子云，这些电子在一定距离内环绕着原子核，但在电磁吸引力（前面讨论过的静电力）的作用下，电子云被固定在质子附近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	原子云以一系列重叠的壳/带形式存在，其中内价带充满电子并与原子紧密结合。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外导带不包含任何电子，只有那些因获得能量而加速到导带的电子除外。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	只要有足够的能量，电子就会逃离原子（与太空火箭的逃逸速度相比）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当传导带中的电子减速并落到另一个传导带或价带时，就会发射出光子。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这就是所谓的光电效应。

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