| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
Atome, die kleinste stofdeeltjies wat die eienskappe van die materie behou, is gemaak van protone, elektrone en neutrone. |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. |
Protone het 'n positiewe lading, en elektrone het 'n negatiewe lading wat die positiewe lading van die proton kanselleer. |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. |
Neutrone is deeltjies wat soortgelyk is aan 'n proton, maar 'n neutrale lading het. |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. |
Daar is geen verskille tussen positiewe en negatiewe ladings nie, behalwe dat deeltjies met dieselfde lading mekaar afstoot en deeltjies met teenoorgestelde ladings mekaar aantrek. |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
As 'n positiewe proton en 'n negatiewe elektron naby mekaar geplaas word, sal hulle 'n waterstofatoom vorm. |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. |
Hierdie afstoting en aantrekking (krag tussen stilstaande gelaaide deeltjies) staan bekend as die elektrostatiese krag en strek teoreties tot in die oneindigheid, maar word verdun namate die afstand tussen deeltjies toeneem. |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
As 'n atoom een of meer ontbrekende elektrone het, word dit met 'n positiewe lading gelaat, en as 'n atoom ten minste een ekstra elektron het, het dit 'n negatiewe lading. |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. |
Deur 'n positiewe of negatiewe lading te hê, word 'n atoom 'n ioon. |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
Atome verkry en verloor net protone en neutrone deur fusie, splitsing en radioaktiewe verval. |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. |
Alhoewel atome uit baie deeltjies bestaan en voorwerpe uit baie atome bestaan, gedra hulle hulle soortgelyk aan gelaaide deeltjies in terme van hoe dit afstoot en aantrek. |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. |
In 'n atoom word die protone en neutrone saamgevoeg om 'n sterk gebonde kern te vorm. |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). |
Hierdie kern word omring deur 'n groot wolk elektrone wat dit op 'n afstand sirkel, maar word deur die elektromagnetiese aantrekking naby die protone gehou (die elektrostatiese krag wat vroeër bespreek is). |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. |
Die wolk bestaan as 'n reeks oorvleuelende skulpe / bande waarin die binneste valensbande gevul is met elektrone en styf aan die atoom gebind is. |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. |
Die buitenste geleidingsbande bevat geen elektrone nie, behalwe die wat deur die verkryging van energie na die geleidingsbande versnel het. |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). |
Met genoeg energie sal 'n elektron uit 'n atoom ontsnap (vergelyk met die ontsnappingssnelheid van 'n ruimteraket). |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. |
Wanneer 'n elektron in die geleidingsband vertraag en na 'n ander geleidingsband of die valensband val, word 'n foton vrygestel. |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. |
Dit staan bekend as die foto-elektriese effek. |
