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Amostra de Tradução Electronics

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Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	原子，使物质具有物质特性的最小粒子，由质子，电子，和中子构成。
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	质子带一个正电荷，而电子带一个负电荷。这使得它们之间的电荷数目相互抵消。
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	中子是类似于质子的粒子，却不带电荷。
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	除了带同性电荷的粒子相互排斥及带异性电荷的粒子相互吸引外，正电荷与负电荷之间没有其它区别。
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	如果将一个单独的带正电的质子和一个单独的带负电的电子放在近距离内，它们将会向一处运动以共同形成一个氢原子。
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	这种排斥和吸引（静止带电粒子间的作用力）被称作静电力且理论上可延伸至无穷处，但随粒子间距离增加而衰减。
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	当一个原子失掉一个或多个电子，它可带一个正电荷；而当一个原子获得至少一个额外电子，它可带一个负电荷。
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	获得一个正电荷或负电荷使得一个原子成为一个离子。
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	原子仅通过聚变，裂变，及放射衰减获得及失去质子和中子。
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	虽然原子由很多粒子构成，而物体由很多原子构成，在它们之间如何排斥和吸引上，它们的行为与带电粒子类似。
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	在一个原子内，质子和中子结合以形成一个紧密束缚的原子核。
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	这个原子核被一片广大的电子云环绕。电子云位于距核一定距离处并绕核旋转，且被电磁吸引（前面讨论过的静电力）向质子拉近。
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	电子云以一系列相互重叠的壳或能带的形式存在，其中，内价带被电子填满并被紧密地束缚在原子内。
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	外层导电带不含电子，除非那些获得了能量加速到达导带的电子。
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	如果有足够的能量，一个电子可以逃离一个原子（与火箭的逃逸速度比较）。
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	当一个在导带中的电子减速并落入另一个导带或价带时，一个光子被发射出来。
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	这被称作光电效应。

Amostra de Tradução Religion

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Chinese)
God is a mystery that is experienced best when enlightened.	上帝是一个谜。当被启蒙时，能最好地感受上帝。
We can only say that it is good to live in God.	我们只能说与上帝同在是好的。
It is better to be enlightened than not enlightened.	被启蒙比不被启蒙好。
Enlightenment is the deeper purpose of life.	启蒙或开化是生命中更深的目的。
Through enlightenment, we reach the kingdom of God.	通过开化，我们达到上帝的王国。
Enlightenment means inner peace, inner happiness and all-encompassing love for all beings.	开化意味着内在的和平，内在的辛福和对所有存在的包含一切的爱。
An enlightened person lives in God.	一个开化的人与上帝同在。
He or she sees God as a kind of light in the world.	他或她视上帝为这个世界里的一种光芒。
He or she feels God in him or herself and around him or herself.	他或她感觉上帝在他或她之中并环绕他或她之处。
He or she feels God as inner happiness, inner peace and inner strength and is aware that he or she is in a higher truth that can only be described as universal love.	他或她感觉上帝为内在的辛福，内在的和平和内在的力量并知道他或她在一个更高的真实中。那只能被形容为普世的博爱。
In each of the major religions, there are varied definitions of God.	每一种主要的宗教都对上帝有不同的定义。
In the religions we also find the personal and abstract term of God.	在宗教里，我们也发现关于上帝的属人的和抽象的词汇。
Many enlightened mystics think of God as a person and some others as a higher dimension in the cosmos.	许多开化的神秘主义者认为上帝是一个人，而另一些则认为上帝是宇宙中一个更高的维度。
In Buddhism and in Hinduism the abstract term of God dominates.	在佛教和印度教中，关于上帝的抽象的词汇占主导地位。
In Buddhism, the highest principle is called Nirvana and in Hinduism it’s called Brahman.	在佛教中，最高的原则被称作涅槃而在印度教中，它被称作梵天。
Jesus referred to God as father.	基督提及上帝为父亲。
Moses referred to God more in an abstract fashion.	摩西以更抽象的方式提及上帝。
His central definition of God was described with the words “I am.”	他对上帝的中心定义被用词汇”我是“来描述。
These words refer to God as a happy state of being where one experiences enlightenment.	这些词汇提及上帝为当人经历开化时，其存在的一种辛福的状态。
In the words “I am” we find the main way to enlightenment.	在词汇”我是“中，我们发现开化的主要路径。
People need to develop a cosmic consciousness, a consciousness of the unity of all things.	人们需要发展一种宇宙意识，一种万物统一的意识。
Thus the ego consciousness is lost.	所以，自我意识就丧失了。
Then one experiences pure consciousness, is one with everything and can only say: “I am.”	这样，人经历纯粹意识，即人与所有同在并只能说：”我是。“
He or she cannot say “I am so and so.”	他或她不能说”我是这样或那样。“
He or she identifies with everything and everyone and is personally nothing and is simply consciousness.	他或她与万物和每个人同一，且其个人不复存在并只是意识。
God as a being who can take action helps us along the spiritual way.	上帝作为一个存在能够采取行动帮组我们循着这条心灵之路。
All enlightened beings are an incarnation of God.	所有开化的存在都是上帝的一个化身。
If you connect with God or an enlightened being daily, you will be lead in the light.	如果你每天都与上帝或一个开化的存在联结，你将在光芒中被引导。

Amostra de Tradução International Law

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Chinese)
A trade-mark is a distinctive sign of some kind which is used by a business to identify itself and its products and services to consumers, and to set the business and its products or services apart from those of other businesses.	一个商标是某种类型的一个独特标示。它被一家企业用作向消费者表明其自身，产品和服务的身份，并将它的业务，产品和服务于其它企业的区别开来。
Conventionally, a trade-mark comprises a name, word, phrase, logo, symbol, design, image, characters, logo, a domain name, a colour applied to a surface or a combination of one or more of these elements.	传统上，一个商标包含一个名称，文字，短语，标志，符号，设计，图像，字符，标志，一个域名，施于某个表面的某种颜色，或一个或多个这些元素的组合。
There is also a range of non-conventional trade-marks which do not fall into these standard categories.	也有一系列非传统的商标。它们不能被纳入这些类别。
The function of a trade-mark is to serve as an exclusive identifier of the source or origin of a product or service.	一个商标的功能是作为对一个产品或服务来源的一个排它性的标识物。
"Because the purpose of a trade-mark is to distinguish the wares/services of a person by associating the wares/services with a single source, the trade-mark must be distinctive and remain distinctive of the single source."	“因为一个商标的功能是通过将产品或服务与一个单一来源联结来标明某个人的产品或服务，商标必须是而且必须保持是这个单一来源的独特标识物。“
A trade-mark owner seeks to enforce their rights or interests in a trade-mark by preventing unauthorised trade-mark use.	一个商标的拥有者为强制实施这个商标中的权利和利益，防止未授权的商标运用。
For a trade-mark to be in "use" it must have public "impact".	一个商标要被"运用"，它必须具有公众"影响力"。
As such internal company documents, such as letterhead, memos, reports, etc. are not sufficient unless they are used in outside correspondence.	因此公司内部文件，比如信笺抬头，备忘录，报告等是不足以作为商标标识的，除非它们被用于外部通信。

Amostra de Tradução Electronics

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In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.	本章将介绍电容和电感（不考虑交流效应）。理解直流电路电容和电感的一件重要的事是它们具有过渡（暂态）响应。
During the transient period, capacitors build up charge and stop the flow of current (eventually acting like infinite resistors.) Inductors build up energy in the form of magnetic fields, and become more conductive.	在过渡过程期间，电容蓄积电荷并阻止电流（最终像一个无限大的电阻。），电感蓄积磁场形式的能量，并变得更加可导。
In other words, in the steady-state (long term behavior), capacitors become open circuits and inductors become short circuits.	换言之，在稳态（长期行为），电容成为开路而电感成为短路。
Thus, for DC analysis, you can replace a capacitor with an empty space and an inductor with a wire.	所以，在直流分析中，你可以用一个空的空间代替一个电容而用一段导线代替一个电感。
The only circuit components that remain are voltage sources, current sources, and resistors.	剩余的电路元件只有电压源，电流源，和电阻。
DC steady-state (meaning the circuit has been in the same state for a long time), we've seen that capacitors act like open circuits and inductors act like shorts.	在直流稳态（即电路长期在同一种状态），我们已经看到电容类似于开路而电感类似于短路。
The above figures show the process of replacing these circuit devices with their DC equivalents.	上面的图显示了以直流电路等效元件代替这些电路元件的过程。
In this case, all that remains is a voltage source and a lone resistor.	在此例中，所有剩下的仅是一个电压源和一个单独的电阻。
(An AC analysis of this circuit can be found in the AC section.)	（对这个电路的一个交流分析可在交流部分找到。）

Amostra de Tradução Engineering

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Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.	残余应力是普遍存在于非加载结构中的应力场。
For instance, a normal bolt resting in the palm of your hand may experience large measures of stress.	例如，在你手掌上的一枚普通的螺栓也许就经历大量的应力。
This is not because of your demeanor or the way you are holding it, instead it is due to the way the bolt has been manufactured.	这不是由于你拿着它的动作或方式，而是由于螺栓被制造的方式。
A quality thread is rolled rather than cut.	一条良好的螺纹是被滚轧制成而不是被刻成。
Thus the material has been subjected to significant plastic deformation, which creates compressive stresses in the creases of the thread.	因此，材料受到显著的塑性形变。这在螺栓的褶痕中产生了压迫应力。
The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force equilibrium.	由于力平衡原理，这种处理也产生了伸张应力。
Compressive residual stresses in the thread are favorable to the fatigue life of the bolt, and are thus desirable.	螺纹中的压迫残余应力对螺栓寿命是有益的，因而是被期望的。
The corresponding tensile stress's, on the other hand, may have a negative impact on the maximum load carrying capacity.	另一方面，对应的伸张应力也许会对最大负载量产生负面影响。
However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to yield and redistribute the stress fields in the event of an extreme load.	然而，这种弱化效应是小的，因为材料在极端负载条件下具有产生和分配应力场的能力。
Residual stresses may have positive, negative or no practical effects on a structure's mechanical integrity.	残余应力也许会对一个结构的力学性能完整性有正面，负面的效应或实际没有效应。
Whatever the case may be, knowing about them is important.	无论何种情形，理解它们是重要的。
This chapter explains common causes and possible effects of residual stresses, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters.	本章解释残余应力常见的成因和可能的效应，并使读者为随后章节的相关课题做好透彻的准备。

Amostra de Tradução International Law

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Chinese)
What is “governance”?	什么是“监管”？
The term governance often gives rise to confusion because it is (erroneously) assumed that it must refer solely to acts or duties of the government.	监管这个词常常导致困惑，因为下列情形被（错误地）假设即它只能唯一地指政府的行为或责任。
Of course, governments do play an important role in many kinds of governance.	当然，政府在很多种监管中扮演一个重要角色。
However, in fact, the concept is far broader, and extends beyond merely the State.	然而，实际上，这个概念要宽广得多，超出了单一的国家层面。
For example, we have seen increasing reference recently to the notion of “corporate governance”, a process that involves oversight both by the State and by a host of non-State bodies, including corporations themselves.	例如，近来我们见到越来越多地提及“法人监管”。这是一个涉及国家和非国家主体，包括法人们自己的监管过程。
Don McLean points out that the word governance derives from the Latin word “gubernare”, which refers to the action of steering a ship.	唐麦克林指出监管这个词来自拉丁文"gubernare"，意即掌舵一艘船的行为。
This etymology suggests a broader definition for governance.	这个词源学的解释为监管提示了一个更宽广得多的定义。
One important implication of this broader view is that governance includes multiple tools and mechanisms.	这个更宽广观点的一个重要含义是监管包含多种工具和机制。
Traditional law and policy are certainly among those mechanisms.	传统的法律和政策当然属于这些机制。
However, as we shall see throughout this primer, governance can take place through many other channels.	然而，正如我们将在贯穿这本初级读本中看到，监管可以通过很多其它渠道进行。
Technology, social norms, decision-making procedures, and institutional design: all of these are as equally important in governance as law or policy.	技术，社会规范，决策过程，和机构设计：所有这些都与法律和政策在监管中同样重要。

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