Perfil do Tradutor: Linda Pigney (kathryna)

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video games

music

business

management

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Amostra de Tradução Early management theory

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Fonte (French)	Destino (English)
Même si la conduite des actions collectives existe depuis que les hommes vivent en société, la formalisation du management est relativement récente.	Although collective activity has been going on ever since mankind started living in social groups, its management has been formalised only relatively recently.
Elle débute entre 1880 et 1920, lorsqu'apparait la figure du dirigeant salarié.	It began between 1880 and 1920, when salaried managers came on the scene.
Jusque là, depuis la révolution industrielle, les chefs d'entreprise étaient essentiellement des entrepreneurs ou leurs héritiers.	From the industrial revolution until then, company bosses had essentially been entrepreneurs or the descendants of entrepreneurs.
Or, certains de ces héritiers propriétaires préfèrent déléguer la direction de leurs entreprises à des salariés formés pour la circonstance, ce qui suscite la publication des premiers ouvrages spécialisés.	But then some of these descendant owners began to prefer delegating the management of their organisations to salaried staff trained for the role, which led to the publication of the first specialised texts.
Vers la fin du xixe siècle, Frederick Taylor propose le concept d'organisation scientifique du travail.	Towards the end of the nineteenth century, Frederick Taylor developed the system of scientific management.
Celui-ci repose sur la décomposition du travail en gestes élémentaires chronométrés et organisés rationnellement pour former une chaîne de production.	Its basis was the breaking down of work into its most basic elements, which were then organised into a logical production line.
Taylor désirait appliquer les principes généraux d'amélioration de la productivité par la division du travail à l'entreprise qu'Adam Smith avait soulignés (avant lui Platon51 au niveau de la société).	Taylor sought to apply the general principles of productivity improvement through the division of labour within the organization, as proposed by Adam Smith (and Plato in "The Republic" before him, in the context of society).
Il partage aussi l'idée avec Henry Ford qu'une augmentation des rendements peut être obtenue en contrepartie de bons salaires.	He also shared with Henry Ford the idea that output could be increased by paying good salaries.

Amostra de Tradução Music

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Fonte (French)	Destino (English)
Edward Kennedy « Duke » Ellington est un pianiste, compositeur et chef d'orchestre de jazz américain, né le 29 avril 1899 à Washington D.C. et mort le 24 mai 1974 à New York.	Edward Kennedy "Duke" Ellington was a pianist, composer and band leader of a jazz orchestra. He was born on 29th April 1899 in Washington, and died on 24th May 1974 in New York.
Son orchestre était un des plus réputés de l'histoire du jazz avec celui de Count Basie, comprenant des musiciens qui étaient parfois considérés, tout autant que lui, comme des géants de cette musique.	His orchestra, like Count Basie's, was one of the most famous in jazz history, with many musicians who, like him, were considered by some to be masters of the jazz genre.
Quelques-uns de ces musiciens sont restés dans son orchestre pendant des décennies.	A number of them were with the orchestra for decades.
Certains d'entre eux étaient déjà dignes d'intérêt par eux-mêmes, mais c'est surtout Ellington qui les transformait.	Some were already noteworthy in their own right, but it was, above all, Ellington who was to transform them.
Il avait l'habitude de composer spécifiquement pour certains de ses musiciens en tenant compte de leurs points forts, comme Jeep's Blues pour Johnny Hodges, Concerto for Cootie (« Do Nothing Till You Hear from Me ») pour Cootie Williams et The Mooche pour Joe Nanton.	He regularly composed specially to emphasize his musicians' particular talents, such as Jeep's Blues for Johnny Hodges, Concerto for Cootie ("Do Nothing Till You Hear From Me") for Cootie Williams and The Mooche for Joe Nanton.
Il a aussi enregistré des morceaux composés par les membres de son orchestre, comme Caravan et Perdido de Juan Tizol.	He also recorded numbers composed by members of the orchestra, such as Caravan and Perdido by Juan Tizol.
Après 1941, il collabora fréquemment avec le compositeur et arrangeur Billy Strayhorn qu'il appelait son « alter ego ».	After 1941, he often collaborated with composer and arranger Billy Strayhorn, whom he called his "alter ego".
Il a laissé de très nombreux « standards ».	He has left us many standard pieces.
Duke Ellington, une des personnalités noires américaines les plus célèbres du xxe siècle, a enregistré pour un grand nombre de maisons de disques américaines et a joué dans plusieurs films.	Duke Ellington, one of the most famous African-Americans of the twentieth century, recorded for many of the American record companies, and played in several films.
Avec son orchestre, il a fait des tournées régulières aux États-Unis et en Europe depuis la création de l'orchestre en 1923 jusqu'à sa mort en 1974.	He and his orchestra toured regularly in the United States and Europe from 1923, when the orchestra was formed, until his death in 1974.

Duke Ellington, master of jazz

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20 anos.

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1977 BA/BS em University of Leeds (UK)

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