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finance

corporate

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尽管经常被交替使用，合併和收购略有区别。	Although the terms are often used interchangeably, "mergers" and "acquisitions" in fact are slightly different.
当一个公司收购了另一个公司並以新业主自称，这项购买被称为收购。	When one company acquires another in the name of a new owner, this purchase is called an "acquisition".
从法律上来说，目标的公司不再存在，买家已经“吞食”了卖家的生意，而买家的股票仍旧在正常交易。	Legally speaking, the target company no longer exists. The buyer "swallows" the sellers business, while the buyer's stock continues to trade normally.
然而严格来说，合併是两个公司一起同意合成一个公司，拥有权和经营权都合二为一。	In contrast, a merger is when two companies agree to join together to form one, combining all ownership and management rights.
这样的行为可以更准确地被称做“平等兼併”。	This form of merger can be more precisely described as a "merger of equals".
通常这两家公司规模相当。	It typically occurs between two companies of more or less the same size.
两家的股票都下市，取而代之的是新公司的股票发行。	Both companies' stocks are removed from trading, and are superseded by an issuance of stock in the new company.
比如在1999年格蘭素威康（Glaxo Wellcome）和史克必成（SmithKline Beecham）公司的合併中，两家公司都不复存在，取而代之的是新公司格蘭素史克。	For example, in the 1999 merger of Glaxo Wellcome and SmithKlineBeecham, both companies ceased to exist, and were superseded by the new company GlaxoSmithKline.
平等兼併事实上並不常发生。	Mergers of equals are relatively rare.
而是被收购的公司会在收购条款中要求对外称为平等兼併，即使它是一次实质上的收购。	The company being acquired may require that the transaction be described externally as a merger of equals, even if it is in fact an acquisition.
因为被收购通常被认为会带来负面影响，所以把它称为兼併。	This is because it is typically believed that acquisitions have a negative impact on a the company being acquired.

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它是金融學的分支學科，用於考察公司如何有效地利用各种融资渠道，获得最低成本的资金来源，并形成合适的资本结构；還包括企業投資、利潤分配、運營資金管理及財務分析等方面。	It is the branch of the study of finance that deals with how companies can effectively utilize various forms of financing to obtain the least expensive sources of funding, and to create the most appropriate capital structure; it also encompasses, among other aspects, enterprise investment, profit distribution, administration of operating funds and financial analysis.
它会涉及到现代公司制度中的一些诸如委托-代理结构的金融安排等深层次的问题。	It also looks at deeper issues of the modern corporate system, such as financing arrangements between principals and intermediaries.
一般來說，公司金融學會利用各種分析工具來管理公司的財務，例如使用貼現法(DCF)來為投資計劃總值作出評估，使用決策樹分析來了解投資及營運的彈性。	Generally speaking, corporate finance uses a variety of analytical tools to manage a company’s finances, including the use of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis to perform a gross evaluation of investment plans, and decision tree analysis to better understand investment and operational flexibility.

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从广义上说，政府、个人、组织等市场主体通过募集、配置和使用资金而产生的所有资本流动都可称之为金融。	Broadly defined, "finance" is any flow of capital generated by the raising, allocation, or use of capital by market entities such as governments, individuals, or organizations.
因此，不仅是金融业者，有关政府的财政，行业企业的行为、以及个人的理财都是金融的一部分。	As such, not only the finance industry, but government finances, the behavior of companies or industries, and the personal finances of individuals all comprise part of finance.
金融可以看作为资金的募集配置（籌資）、以及投资和融资（借錢買股）三类经济行为。	Finance can be divided into three forms of economic behavior: capital raising and allocation (financing), investment, and funding (including margin trading).
行业企业募集资金的方法一般可以分为以下两类：	The raising of capital by businesses and industries can generally be divided into the following two categories:
直接融资：不经由金融機構（FI），而是通过出售股票、债券等形式从投资者手中获得资金。	Direct financing: raising funds from investors, not only by financial institutions, but also through the sale of stocks, bonds, and other instruments.
间接融资：通过金融機構（FI）间接地从投资者手中获得资金。	Indirect financing: raising funds from investors through the use of financial institutions.
金融的核心是跨时间、跨空间的价值交换，所有涉及到价值或者收入在不同时间、不同空间之间进行配置的交易都是金融交易，金融学就是研究跨时间、跨空间的价值交换为什么会出现、如何发生、怎样发展，等等。	The core of finance is the exchange of value across time and locations, and any transaction involving the allocation of value or income across different times or locations. The study of finance investigates, among other aspects why exchanges of value across time and locations emerge, how they happen, and how they develop.

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Olá, o meu nome é
Matt Schrader

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United States

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Olá, o meu nome é Matt Schrader

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Principais Áreas de Especialização

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United States

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June 2025

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May 2025

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July 2025

Tradutores Semelhantes

Michaela Zhao

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Phil Karagoulis

Olá, o meu nome é
Matt Schrader

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