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Molecular pathology is an emerging discipline within pathology which is focused in the study and diagnosis of disease through the examination of molecules within organs, tissues or bodily fluids.	分子病理学是病理学领域的一门新兴学科，其核心在于通过检测器官、组织或体液中的分子特征来研究疾病机制并实现精准诊断。
Molecular pathology shares some aspects of practice with both anatomic pathology and clinical pathology, molecular biology, biochemistry, proteomics and genetics, and is sometimes considered a "crossover" discipline.	分子病理学在实践操作方面与解剖病理学、临床病理学、分子生物学、生物化学、蛋白质组学及遗传学存在共通之处，因而有时被视为一门"交叉"学科。
It is multi-disciplinary in nature and focuses mainly on the sub-microscopic aspects of disease.	该领域本质属于多学科交叉，主要聚焦疾病的亚微观层面。
A key consideration is that more accurate diagnosis is possible when the diagnosis is based on both the morphologic changes in tissues (traditional anatomic pathology) and on molecular testing.	核心在于，结合组织形态变化（传统解剖病理学）与分子检测，才能实现更精准的诊断。
It is a scientific discipline that encompasses the development of molecular and genetic approaches to the diagnosis and classification of human diseases, the design and validation of predictive biomarkers for treatment response and disease progression, the susceptibility of individuals of different genetic constitution to develop disorders.	该学科属科学领域，涵盖通过分子与遗传学方法开发以实现人类疾病的诊断与分类，设计与验证可预测治疗反应及疾病进展的生物标志物，并探究不同遗传体质个体对特定疾病的易感性。
Molecular pathology is commonly used in diagnosis of cancer and infectious diseases.	分子病理学技术现广泛应用于癌症及传染性疾病的临床诊断。
Techniques are numerous but include quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), multiplex PCR, DNA microarray, in situ hybridization, in situ RNA sequencing, DNA sequencing, antibody based immunofluorescence tissue assays, molecular profiling of pathogens, and analysis of bacterial genes for antimicrobial resistance.	该领域技术手段多样，主要包括：定量聚合酶链式反应（qPCR）、多重PCR、DNA微阵列、原位杂交、原位RNA测序、DNA测序、基于抗体的免疫荧光组织分析、病原体分子分型以及细菌耐药基因分析等。

China

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December 2025

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May 08, 2025

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