Perfil do Tradutor: Raja Ezral Shafril Bin Raja Safian (rezralshafril)

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Professional with 20+ years of industry experience, recently earned a Professional MBA and transitioned into lecturing and English-Malay translation. Fluent in both languages, skilled in communication, mentoring, and presentations, passionate about sharing knowledge and bridging language barriers.

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121
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Principais Áreas de Especialização

electronics

electrical engineering

engineering (electrical)

engineering

other

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Amostra de Tradução Law

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Malay (generic))
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?
What is “governance”?	Apakah definisi "kepemerintahan"?
The term governance often gives rise to confusion because it is (erroneously) assumed that it must refer solely to acts or duties of the government.	Selalunya, istilah "kepemerintahan" atau "tadbir urus" dianggap merujuk semata-mata kepada tindakan atau tanggungjawab yang dilakukan oleh kerajaan, yang menyebabkan kekeliruan.
Of course, governments do play an important role in many kinds of governance.	Sudah tentu, kerajaan memainkan peranan penting dalam pelbagai jenis tadbir urus yang berbeza.
However, in fact, the concept is far broader, and extends beyond merely the State.	Walau bagaimanapun, idea ini sebenarnya jauh lebih luas dan tidak terhad kepada negara.
For example, we have seen increasing reference recently to the notion of “corporate governance”, a process that involves oversight both by the State and by a host of non-State bodies, including corporations themselves.	Sebagai contoh, kita telah melihat peningkatan perhatian baru-baru ini kepada idea "tadbir urus korporat", satu proses yang melibatkan pengawasan oleh kedua-dua kerajaan dan pelbagai badan bukan kerajaan, termasuk syarikat itu sendiri.
Don McLean points out that the word governance derives from the Latin word “gubernare”, which refers to the action of steering a ship.	Sebagaimana dinyatakan oleh Don McLean, perkataan "governance" berasal daripada perkataan Latin "gubernare," yang merujuk kepada tugas mengemudi kapal.
This etymology suggests a broader definition for governance.	Menurut etimologi ini, definisi tadbir urus adalah lebih luas.
One important implication of this broader view is that governance includes multiple tools and mechanisms.	Daripada perspektif yang lebih luas ini, adalah penting untuk diingat bahawa tadbir urus terdiri daripada pelbagai alat dan mekanisme.
Traditional law and policy are certainly among those mechanisms.	Undang-undang dan dasar yang bersifat tradisional sememangnya termasuk dalam mekanisme tersebut.
However, as we shall see throughout this primer, governance can take place through many other channels.	Namun, seperti yang akan kita lihat sepanjang panduan ini, tadbir urus boleh berlaku melalui banyak saluran lain.
Technology, social norms, decision-making procedures, and institutional design: all of these are as equally important in governance as law or policy.	Dalam tadbir urus, teknologi, norma sosial, proses membuat keputusan, dan reka bentuk institusi adalah sama pentingnya seperti undang-undang atau dasar.

Amostra de Tradução Electrical Engineering

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Malay (generic))
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.	Bab ini akan menerangkan kapasitor dan induktor tanpa mengambil kira kesan arus AC. Dalam litar DC, kapasitor dan induktor mempunyai tindak balas sementara, atau fana, yang perlu difahami.
During the transient period, capacitors build up charge and stop the flow of current (eventually acting like infinite resistors.) Inductors build up energy in the form of magnetic fields, and become more conductive.	Kapasitor mengumpul cas dan menghentikan aliran arus semasa jangka fana. Pada akhirnya, kapasitor bertindak sebagai perintang tanpa had. Apabila medan magnet mengumpul tenaga, induktor menjadi lebih konduktif.
In other words, in the steady-state (long term behavior), capacitors become open circuits and inductors become short circuits.	Dengan kata lain, kapasitor menjadi litar terbuka dan induktor menjadi litar pintas dalam keadaan mantap (tingkah laku jangka panjang).
Thus, for DC analysis, you can replace a capacitor with an empty space and an inductor with a wire.	Oleh itu, anda boleh menggunakan wayar untuk menggantikan induktor dan kapasitor dalam analisis DC.
The only circuit components that remain are voltage sources, current sources, and resistors.	Sumber voltan, sumber arus, dan perintang penghembus adalah satu-satunya bahagian litar yang tinggal.
DC steady-state (meaning the circuit has been in the same state for a long time), we've seen that capacitors act like open circuits and inductors act like shorts.	Kapasitor bertindak seperti litar terbuka, manakala induktor bertindak seperti litar pintas, dalam keadaan mantap DC, di mana litar kekal dalam keadaan yang sama untuk jangka masa yang lama.
The above figures show the process of replacing these circuit devices with their DC equivalents.	Proses menggantikan peranti dalam litar ini dengan setara DC mereka ditunjukkan dalam rajah di atas.
In this case, all that remains is a voltage source and a lone resistor.	Dalam kes ini, satu perintang dan sumber voltan sahaja yang tinggal.
(An AC analysis of this circuit can be found in the AC section.)	(Litar ini boleh dikaji dalam bahagian AC.)

Amostra de Tradução Engineering

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Malay (generic))
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.
Residual stresses are stress fields that prevail in non-loaded structures.	Medan tekanan yang terdapat dalam struktur yang tidak dikenakan beban dipanggil teganan sisa.
For instance, a normal bolt resting in the palm of your hand may experience large measures of stress.	Sebagai contoh, sebatang bolt biasa di atas tapak tangan anda boleh mengalami tekanan yang sangat tinggi.
This is not because of your demeanor or the way you are holding it, instead it is due to the way the bolt has been manufactured.	Ini bukan kerana sikap anda atau cara anda memegangnya; sebaliknya, ia kerana cara bolt itu dibuat.
A quality thread is rolled rather than cut.	Benang yang berkualiti dihasilkan dengan cara digulung, bukan dipotong
Thus the material has been subjected to significant plastic deformation, which creates compressive stresses in the creases of the thread.	Oleh itu, bahan tersebut mengalami perubahan plastik yang ketara, menyebabkan tekanan mampatan di lipatan ulir.
The treatment also generates tensile stresses, as required by the law of force equilibrium.	Selain itu, rawatan ini menyebabkan tegangan, yang diperlukan oleh hukum keseimbangan daya.
Compressive residual stresses in the thread are favorable to the fatigue life of the bolt, and are thus desirable.	Teganan sisa mampatan pada bahagian ulir memberikan kesan positif terhadap jangka hayat keletihan bolt, menjadikannya satu ciri yang diinginkan.
The corresponding tensile stress's, on the other hand, may have a negative impact on the maximum load carrying capacity.	Sebaliknya, tegasan tegangan yang sepadan boleh menjejaskan kapasiti beban maksimum.
However, this weakening effect is small thanks to the material's ability to yield and redistribute the stress fields in the event of an extreme load.	Kelemahan ini, bagaimanapun, adalah kecil kerana bahan tersebut mempunyai keupayaan untuk menyerah dan mengagihkan semula medan tekanan sekiranya beban yang melampau berlaku.
Residual stresses may have positive, negative or no practical effects on a structure's mechanical integrity.	Tegasan sisa boleh menjejaskan integriti mekanikal struktur sama ada dengan cara yang positif atau negatif.
Whatever the case may be, knowing about them is important.	Adalah penting untuk mengetahui tentang mereka walau apa pun keadaannya.
This chapter explains common causes and possible effects of residual stresses, and thoroughly prepares the reader for related topics in subsequent chapters.	Bab ini membincangkan punca-punca utama serta potensi kesan teganan sisa, sambil memberi asas yang kukuh kepada pembaca untuk memahami topik-topik berkaitan dalam bab-bab yang akan datang.

Amostra de Tradução Electrical Engineering

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Malay (generic))
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.	Atom, zarah terkecil dalam bahan, terdiri daripada proton, elektron, dan neutron
Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge.	Dengan cas positifnya, proton membatalkan cas negatif elektron
Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge.	Zarah yang serupa dengan proton tetapi mempunyai cas neutral dipanggil neutron.
There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other.	Kecuali zarah dengan cas yang sama menolak satu sama lain dan zarah dengan cas yang berbeza menarik satu sama lain, tidak ada perbezaan antara cas positif dan negatif.
If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom.	Untuk membentuk atom hidrogen, satu proton positif dan satu elektron negatif akan bergabung antara satu sama lain.
This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases.	Daya elektrostatik, atau daya tolakan dan tarikan antara zarah bercas yang tidak bergerak, boleh meluas hingga infiniti. Walau bagaimanapun, daya ini semakin lemah apabila jarak antara zarah meningkat.
When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge.	Cas suatu atom adalah positif apabila ia kehilangan satu atau lebih elektron, manakala cas negatif apabila ia mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya satu elektron tambahan.
Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion.	Atom menjadi ion apabila mereka mempunyai cas positif atau negatif.
Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay.	Hanya melalui proses pelakuran (fusion), pembelahan (fission), dan pereputan radioaktif yang atom memperoleh dan kehilangan proton dan neutron.
Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract.	Walaupun objek terdiri daripada banyak atom dan atom terdiri daripada banyak zarah, cara atom menolak dan menarik adalah serupa dengan cara zarah bercas bertindak.
In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus.	Atom mempunyai nukleus yang terikat rapat apabila proton dan neutron bergabung.
This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier).	Awan besar elektron mengelilingi nukleus pada jarak tertentu. Walau bagaimanapun, akibat daya elektrostatik yang dibincangkan sebelum ini, nukleus ini kekal dekat dengan proton kerana tarikan elektromagnetik.
The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom.	Awan terdiri daripada beberapa lapisan atau jalur bertindih. Di dalam awan, jalur valens dalam dipenuhi dengan elektron dan sangat dekat dengan atom.
The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy.	Kecuali elektron yang telah dipercepatkan ke pita pengaliran oleh tenaga, pita pengaliran luar tidak mengandungi elektron.
With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket).	Berbanding dengan halaju lepas roket angkasa, elektron akan keluar dari atom jika terdapat tenaga yang mencukupi.
When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted.	Apabila elektron dalam jalur konduksi kehilangan tenaga dan berpindah ke jalur konduksi lain atau jalur valensi, ia akan memancarkan foton.
This is known as the photoelectric effect.	Ini dikenali sebagai kesan fotoelektrik.

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2025 MBA em University Technology Malaysia (UTM)
2024 GED em University Technology Malaysia

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