| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
Atamamka qayabaha ugu yar ee walaxda xajistaa sifooyinka arintu waxaa aya ka sameysan yihiin borotoons,elektroons iyo neutrons. |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. |
Proton ku waxay leeyihiin dallacaadda togan,elektaroonka waxay leeyihiin dallad taban oo baabi isa dallacaadda togan ee protonka. |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. |
Neutron waa qaybo la mid ah borotoonka lakiin leh kharash dhexdhexaad ah. |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. |
Ma jiraan wax farqi ah oo u dhexeeya dacwooyinka togan iyo kuwa taban marka laga reebo in qaybo isku mid ah ay iska celiyaan midba midka kale iyo qaybo leh eedaymo iska soo horjeeda midba midka kale ayaa soo jiidanaya. |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
Haddii borotoonka togan iyo elektarooniga taban la is ag dhigo waxay isu iman doonaan si ay u sameeyaan atamka hydrogen. |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. |
Caydhintan iyo soo jiidashadan (xoog ka dhexeeya walxaha taagan) waxa loo yaqaan Ciidanka Electrostatic waxayna ku fidsan yihiin aragti ahaan ilaa xad la'aan, laakiin waxa la badhxay marka ay sii korodho masaafada u dhaxaysa qaybuhu. |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
Marka atamka uu leeyahay hal ama in ka badan oo elektaroonik ah ayaa ka maqan, waxaa looga tagayaa koronto togan, marka atamka uu leeyahay ugu yaraan hal elektaroonig ah wuxuu leeyahay koronto taban. |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. |
Haysashada lacag togan ama taban waxay ka dhigaysa atamka ion. |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
Atamka waxay kasbadaan oo lumiyaan borottons iyo neutroons marka la isku daro fission iyo suuska shucaaca. |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. |
In kasta oo atamyadu ay ka ka samaysan yihiin qaybo badan,walxuhuna ay ka samaysan yihiin atamyo badan,haddana waxay udhaqmaan si lamid ah qaybaha la dallacay marka loo eego sida ay isaga celiyaan una soo jiidanayaan. |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. |
Atamka dhexdiisa borotoons iyo neutroons ayaa isku dara si ay u sameeyaan nucleus si adag u xidhan. |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). |
Xudunta waxxa ku hareeraysan daruur aad u badan oo elektroons ah oo kuwareegaysa fogaan laakiin waxaa lagu ahayaa meel u dhow borotoonska soo jiidashada korantada(xoogga korantada ee hore looga hadlay) |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. |
Daruurtu waxay u jirtaa sida silsilado qolof ah oo is dulsaaran kuwaas oo xargaha valence ay kabuuxaan elektaroonska si adagan ugu xidhan atamka. |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. |
Xadhkaha dibeda kuma jiraan wax elektroono ah marka laga reebo kuwa ku dadajiyey xadhkaha iyagoo tamar helaya. |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). |
Tamar la aan elektarooniga wuxuu baxsan doonaa atamka(marka la barbar dhigo xawaaraha baxsadka ah ee gantaalka hawada sare |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. |
Marka qalabka elektarooniga ah ee xaalada band uu hoos u dhaco oo uu kudhaco band xaalad kale ama band valence sawir ayaa la sii daayaa |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. |
Tan waxaa loo yaqanaa saameynta korantada. |
