| The complex situation of Catholicism in Great Britain had results in their Colonies. |
英国天主教的复杂情况也在殖民地显现出来。 |
| At the time of the American revolution, Catholics formed approximately 1.6% of the total American population of the original 13 colonies. |
到美国革命时期，天主教徒约占美国最初 13 个殖民地总人口的 1.6%。 |
| If Catholics were seen as potential enemies of the British state, Irish Catholics, subject to British rule, were doubly-damned. |
若天主教徒被视为英国的潜在敌人，那么受英国统治的爱尔兰天主教徒则受到双重诅咒。 |
| In Ireland they had been subject to British domination. |
在爱尔兰，他们受英国的统治。 |
| In America Catholics were still forbidden from settling in some of the colonies. |
而在美国，天主教徒仍被禁止在某些殖民地定居。 |
| Although the head of their faith dwelt in Rome, they were under the official representation of the Catholic Bishop of the London diocese, one James Talbot. |
虽然他们信仰的领袖住在罗马，但伦敦教区天主教主教詹姆斯·塔尔博特 (James Talbot) 则是他们的官方代表。 |
| When War began, Bishop Talbot declared his faithfulness to the British Crown. |
战争开始时，塔尔博特主教宣布效忠英国王室。 |
| (If he had done otherwise, Catholics in England would have been in trouble. Anti-Catholic sentiment still ran high.) |
（如果他不这样做，英格兰的天主教徒就会陷入困境。反天主教情绪仍然高涨。） |
| He forbade any Colonial priest to serve Communion. |
他禁止任何殖民的牧师提供圣餐服务。 |
| This made practice of the faith impossible. |
这使得实践信仰变得不可能。 |
| This created sympathy for the Colonial rebels. |
这导致了对殖民叛乱分子的同情。 |
| The Continental Army's alliance with the French increased sympathy for the faith. |
大陆军与法国的联盟增加了对信仰的同情。 |
| When the French fleet arrived in Newport, Rhode Island, the colony repealed the Act of 1664 and allowed citizenship to Catholics. |
当法国舰队抵达罗德岛纽波特时，该殖民地废除了 1664 年法案，并允许天主教徒获得公民身份。 |
| (This anticipated the provision of the Constitutional Bill of Rights which would strike anti-Catholic laws from the books.) |
（这预示着宪法权利法案的规定将从法律条文中删除反天主教的法律。） |
| After the war, the Pope created an American Bishop, John Carroll -- a descendant of the same Carrolls who had helped found Maryland -- and an American Diocese communicating directly with Rome. |
战后，教皇任命了一位美国主教约翰·卡罗尔（John Carroll）——他是帮助建立马里兰州的卡罗尔家族的后裔——以及一个直接与罗马交流的美国教区。 |
| The British government commanded General Thomas Gage to enforce the Intolerable Acts and shut down the Massachusetts legislature. |
英国政府命令托马斯·盖奇将军执行不可容忍法案并关闭马萨诸塞州立法机构。 |
| Gage decided to confiscate a stockpile of colonial arms located in Concord. |
盖奇决定没收位于康科德的殖民地武器库存。 |
| On April 19, 1775, Gage's troops marched to Concord. |
1775 年 4 月 19 日，盖奇的军队向康科德进军。 |
| On the way, at the town of Lexington, Americans who had been warned in advance by Paul Revere and others of the British movements made an attempt to stop the troops. |
途中，在列克星敦镇，被保罗·里维尔等人预先警告了英国军队行动的美国人试图阻止该军队。 |
| No one knows which side fired the first shot, but it sparked battle on Lexington Green between the British and the Minutemen. |
没人知道究竟是哪方开了第一枪，但它引发了英国人和民兵之间在列克星敦格林的战斗。 |
| Faced against an overwhelmingly superior number of British regular troops in an open field, the Minutemen were quickly routed. |
在空旷的战场上，面对数量压倒性优势的英国正规军，民兵很快就被击溃了。 |
| Nevertheless, alarms sounded through the countryside. |
尽管如此，警报已响彻乡村。 |
| The colonial militias poured in and were able to launch guerrilla attacks on the British while they marched on to Concord. |
殖民民兵涌入，且在英国人向康科德进军时得以发动游击队袭击。 |
| The colonials amassed of troops at Concord. |
殖民民兵在康科德集结。 |
| They engaged the British in force there, and they were able to repulse them. |
他们在那里与英国人交战，且成功击退他们。 |
| They then claimed the contents of the armory. |
随后他们缴获了军械库内的武器。 |
| The British retreated to Boston under a constant and withering fire from all sides. |
面对着来自四面八方持续不断的毁灭性炮火，英国军队撤退到波士顿。 |
| Only a reinforcing column with artillery support on the outskirts of Boston prevented the British withdrawal from becoming a total rout. |
幸好有波士顿郊区增援纵队的炮火支援，英国人的撤退才勉强避免了彻底溃败。 |
| The following day the British woke up to find Boston surrounded by 20,000 armed colonists, occupying the neck of land extending to the peninsula the city stood on. |
第二天，英国人醒来时发现波士顿被 20,000 名武装殖民者包围，占领了延伸至城市所在半岛的土地。 |
