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materials

chemistry

engineering (chemistry)

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Amostra de Tradução Chemistry

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Japanese)
Crystallography is the experimental science of determining the arrangement of atoms in solids.	結晶学は固体内の原子配列を決定するための実験科学です。
In older usage, it is the scientific study of crystals.	旧来の使用法では結晶学は結晶の科学研究になります。
Before the development of X-ray diffraction crystallography (see below), the study of crystals was based on the geometry of the crystals.	X線回折結晶学が開発される前は (下記を参照)、結晶研究は結晶の幾何学的形状に基づいて行われました。
This involves measuring the angles of crystal faces relative to theoretical reference axes (crystallographic axes), and establishing the symmetry of the crystal in question.	これには理論的基準軸 (結晶軸) に対する結晶面の角度測定、および注目している結晶の対称性の規定が伴います。
The former is carried out using a goniometer.	前者は角度計を使用して実行されます。
The position in 3D space of each crystal face is plotted on a stereographic net, e.g. Wolff net or Lambert net.	各結晶面の3次元空間における位置はWolffネットまたはLambertネットなどのステレオネット上に描画されます。
In fact, the pole to each face is plotted on the net.	実際に各面に対する極がネット上に描画されます。
Each point is labelled with its Miller index.	各点にはMillerインデックスでラベル付けが行われます。
The final plot allows the symmetry of the crystal to be established.	最終的な描画によって、結晶の対称性を規定することができます。
Crystallographic methods now depend on the analysis of the diffraction patterns that emerge from a sample that is targeted by a beam of some type.	ここで、結晶学的方法はある種類の光線が照射されている試料から得られる回折パターンの分析によって決定されます。
The beam is not always electromagnetic radiation, even though X-rays are the most common choice.	選択される光線はX線が最も一般的ですが、常に電磁放射である訳ではありません。
For some purposes electrons or neutrons are used, which is possible due to the wave properties of the particles.	目的によっては電子または中性子が使用されます。これは粒子の波動特性ゆえに可能になります。
Crystallographers often explicitly state the type of illumination used when referring to a method, as with the terms X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and electron diffraction.	結晶学者は方法に言及するとき、X線回折、中性子回折および電子回折という用語と同様に、使用する照明の種類をしばしば明示します。
These three types of radiation interact with the specimen in different ways.	これらの3種類の放射は異なる方法で試料と相互作用を行います。
X-rays interact with the spatial distribution of the valence electrons, while electrons are charged particles and therefore feel the total charge distribution of both the atomic nuclei and the surrounding electrons.	X線は空間に分布する価電子と相互作用を行いますが、電子は荷電粒子であるため、原子核と周囲の電子の両方の総電荷分布と相互作用を行います。
Neutrons are scattered by the atomic nuclei through the strong nuclear forces, but in addition, the magnetic moment of neutrons is non-zero.	中性子は原子核の強い核力によって散乱します。しかも、中性子の磁気モーメントは非ゼロです。
They are therefore also scattered by magnetic fields.	このため、中性子は磁界によっても散乱します。
Because of these different forms of interaction, the three types of radiation are suitable for different crystallographic studies.	これら各種の遷移形態のために、この3種類の放射は異なる結晶学的研究に適しています。

Amostra de Tradução Electronics

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Japanese)
In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response.	本章では、コンデンサとインダクタについて ( 交流電流の影響を無視して ) 説明します。直流回路でのコンデンサとインダクタを理解するのに重要な点は、それらに過渡 ( 一時的 ) 応答が存在することです。
During the transient period, capacitors build up charge and stop the flow of current (eventually acting like infinite resistors.) Inductors build up energy in the form of magnetic fields, and become more conductive.	過渡時には、コンデンサは電荷を蓄積して電流を流さないようにします ( 最終的には無限大の抵抗のように動作します )。インダクタは磁界の形でエネルギーを蓄積して電流を流れやすくします。
In other words, in the steady-state (long term behavior), capacitors become open circuits and inductors become short circuits.	言い換えれば、安定状態 ( 長期的挙動 )では、コンデンサは開放回路になり、インダクタは短絡回路になります。
Thus, for DC analysis, you can replace a capacitor with an empty space and an inductor with a wire.	従って、直流解析ではコンデンサは何も存在しない空間に置き換え、キャパシタは電線に置き換えることができます。
The only circuit components that remain are voltage sources, current sources, and resistors.	残る回路要素は電圧源、電流源および抵抗のみです。
DC steady-state (meaning the circuit has been in the same state for a long time), we've seen that capacitors act like open circuits and inductors act like shorts.	直流安定状態 ( 回路が長時間同一状態にあることを意味します ) では、コンデンサは開放回路のように動作し、インダクタは短絡回路のように動作します。
The above figures show the process of replacing these circuit devices with their DC equivalents.	上図に、これらの回路素子をその直流的等価物に置き換える処理を示します。
In this case, all that remains is a voltage source and a lone resistor.	このケースでは、残るのは電圧源と1個の抵抗のみです。
(An AC analysis of this circuit can be found in the AC section.)	(この回路の交流解析は「交流」の節に記載してます。)

Amostra de Tradução Automotive

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Fonte (English)	Destino (Japanese)
Brake bleeding is the procedure performed on hydraulic brake systems whereby the brake lines (the pipes and hoses containing the brake fluid) are purged of any air bubbles.	ブレーキのエア抜きは油圧ブレーキ系でブレーキライン (ブレーキ液の入ったパイプおよびホース) から気泡を除去するために行われる手順です。
This is necessary because, while the brake fluid is an incompressible liquid, air bubbles are compressible gas and their presence in the brake system greatly reduces the hydraulic pressure that can be developed within the system.	エア抜きが必要なのは、ブレーキ液が圧縮できない液体であるのに対して気泡は圧縮できるガスであるため、ブレーキ系に気泡が入っていると系内で発生可能な油圧が大幅に低下するからです。
The same methods used for bleeding are also used for purging, where the old fluid is replaced with new fluid, which is necessary maintenance.	エア抜きに使用されるのと同じ方法がメンテナンスに必要な古い液体を新しい液体に交換するパージでも使用されます。
The brake fluid capacity of a typical automobile is around 500 ml.	一般的な自動車のブレーキ液容量は約500 mlです。
Brake fluid is toxic, and must be handled carefully and disposed of properly.	ブレーキ液には毒性があり、取扱に注意し、適切に廃棄しなければなりません。
Most cars use DOT 3 or 4 brake fluids, which may be mixed, but DOT 5 is silicone-based and not compatible with DOT 3 or	大部分の自動車はDOT 3またはDOT4ブレーキ液を使用しますが、これらを混合したものを使用する場合もあります。しかし、DOT 5はシリコンベースでありDOT 3またはDOT4とは互換性がありません。
4. Note that DOT 5.1 is a higher specification fluid compatible with DOT 3 and DOT 4, but not DOT	DOT 5.1はDOT 3およびDOT 4と互換性のある高仕様液ですが、DOT5とは互換性がないことに注意してください。
5. Most types of brake fluid harm automotive paint and plastics on contact, so special care must be taken when using this fluid: any spills must be immediately cleaned up.	ほとんどの種類のブレーキ液は接触すると自動車の塗装およびプラスチックを痛めます。このため、ブレーキ液を使用するときは特に注意が必要です。零れた場合はすぐに拭き取ってください。
Brake fluid is water-soluble so it may be rinsed off with water.	ブレーキ液は水溶性であり、水で洗い流すことができます。
The process is performed by forcing clean, bubble-free brake fluid through the entire system, usually from the master cylinder(s) to the calipers of disc brakes (or the wheel cylinders of drum brakes), but in certain cases in the opposite direction.	この作業は系全体に、通常は気泡を含まない清浄なブレーキ液をマスターシリンダからディスクブレーキのキャリパ (またはドラムブレーキのホイールシリンダ) に流し込むことによって行います。
A brake bleed screw is normally mounted at the highest point on each cylinder or caliper.	通常、ブレーキのブリードスクリューは各シリンダまたはキャリパの最も高い点に取り付けられています。

Minha Experiência

Experiência

16 anos.

Formação

1979 BSc (Hons) em Tokyo Institute of Technology

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