| A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. |
疫苗是一种生物制剂，可提供针对特定疾病的主动获得性免疫。 |
| A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. |
疫苗通常含有类似于致病微生物的制剂，通常由该微生物的弱化或灭活形式、其毒素或其表面的某种蛋白制成。 |
| The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters. |
该制剂刺激人体免疫系统识别该制剂并将其视为威胁，并将其摧毁，并识别和摧毁其随后遇到的任何此类微生物。 |
| Vaccines can be prophylactic (example: to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (e.g., vaccines against cancer are being investigated). |
疫苗可以是预防性的（例如：预防或减轻未来由天然或野生”病原体感染的影响），也可以是治疗性的（例如，正在研究的抗癌症疫苗）。 |
| The effectiveness of vaccination has been widely studied and verified; for example, the influenza vaccine, the HPV vaccine, and the chicken pox vaccine. |
疫苗接种的有效性已得到广泛的研究和验证；例如，流感疫苗、HPV疫苗和水痘疫苗。 |
| The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available for twenty-five different preventable infections. |
世界卫生组织 (WHO) 报告称，目前已获许可的疫苗可用于 25 种不同的可预防感染。 |
| The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. |
疫苗的接种称为疫苗接种。 |
| Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world. |
疫苗接种是预防传染病最有效的方法；疫苗接种带来的广泛免疫力，在很大程度上促成了天花在世界范围内的根除，并限制了脊髓灰质炎、麻疹和破伤风等疾病在世界大部分地区的传播。 |
| Most vaccines are given by hypodermic injection as they are not absorbed reliably through the intestines. |
大多数疫苗通过皮下注射给药，因为它们不能可靠地通过肠道吸收。 |
| Live attenuated polio, some typhoid, and some cholera vaccines are given orally to produce immunity in the bowel. |
减毒脊髓灰质炎活疫苗、部分伤寒疫苗和部分霍乱疫苗通过口服给药，以在肠道中产生免疫力。 |
| While vaccination provides a lasting effect, it usually takes several weeks to develop, while passive immunity (the transfer of antibodies) has immediate effect. |
虽然疫苗接种具有持久效果，但通常需要数周时间才能形成，而被动免疫（抗体的转移）则可以立即生效。 |
