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Sample Translation Linguistics
Linguistics Sample Translation
| Source (English) | Target (Chinese) |
|---|---|
| Dialects | 方言 |
| At present, no comprehensive dialectology has been done in the Tagalog-speaking regions, though there have been descriptions in the form of dictionaries and grammars of various Tagalog dialects. | 截至目前，他加禄语区内还未有开展任何较全面的方言调查，不过有数种他加禄语方言的记录以字典或语法体系存在。 |
| Ethnologue lists Lubang, Manila, Marinduque, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Tanay-Paete (Rizal-Laguna), and Tayabas as dialects of Tagalog; however, there appear to be four main dialects, of which the aforementioned are a part: Northern (exemplified by the Bulacan dialect), Central (including Manila), Southern (exemplified by Batangas), and Marinduque. | 民族语言网将卢邦岛话、马尼拉话、马林杜克话、巴丹话、八打雁话、布拉干话、塔纳伊-帕埃特话（黎刹-内湖话）及塔亚巴斯话列为他加禄语的方言，但似乎共有四种主要方言，而上述方言均为这几种的分支：北部方言（如布拉干方言）、中部方言（包括马尼亚方言）、南部方言（如八打雁方言）和马林杜克方言。 |
| Some example of dialectal differences are: | 方言之间的一些区别如下： |
| Many Tagalog dialects, particularly those in the south, preserve the glottal stop found after consonants and before vowels. | 许多他加禄语方言，尤其是南部方言，保留了辅音后和元音前的喉塞音。 |
| This has been lost in Standard Tagalog. | 而这一特征在标准他加禄语中已丢失。 |
| For example, standard Tagalog ngayón (now, today), sinigáng (broth stew), gabí (night), matamís (sweet), are pronounced and written ngay-on, sinig-ang, gab-i, and matam-is in other dialects. | 例如，标准他加禄语中的"ngayón"（现在；今天）、“sinigáng”（炖煮）、“gabí”（夜晚）、“matamís”（甜），在其他方言中发音及拼写为“ngay-on”、“sinig-ang”、“gab-i”和“matam-is”。 |
| In Teresian-Morong Tagalog, [ɾ] is usually preferred over [d]. | 在特雷沙-莫朗地区的他加禄语中，[ɾ]一般优先于[d]。 |
| For example, bundók, dagat, dingdíng, and isdâ become bunrók, ragat, ringríng, and isrâ, e.g. "sandók sa dingdíng" becoming "sanrók sa ringríng". | 例如，“bundók”、“dagat”、“dingdíng”及“isdâ”则变为“bunrók”、“ragat”、“ringríng”和“isrâ”，比如“sandók sa dingdíng”会变为“sanrók sa ringríng”。 |
| In many southern dialects, the progressive aspect infix of -um- verbs is na-. | 而在数种南部方言中，动词表示进行体的中缀“-um-”则被“na-”替代。 |
| For example, standard Tagalog kumakain (eating) is nákáin in Quezon and Batangas Tagalog. | 例如，标准他加禄语的“kumakain”（吃着）在奎松和八打雁地区的他加禄方言中则为“nákáin”。 |
| This is the butt of some jokes by other Tagalog speakers, for should a Southern Tagalog ask nákáin ka ba ng patíng? | 而这一差异成为了其他他加禄语使用者笑话中的一个用梗，比如当一个使用他加禄语的南方人问“nákáin ka ba ng patíng？” |
| ("Do you eat shark?"), he would be understood as saying "Has a shark eaten you?" by speakers of the Manila Dialect. | （“你吃鲨鱼吗？”），会被马尼拉方言使用者理解为“你被鲨鱼吃了吗？”。 |
| Some dialects have interjections which are considered a regional trademark. | 部分方言中含有被看作地方招牌的感叹词。 |
| For example, the interjection ala e! usually identifies someone from Batangas as does hane?! | 比如，感叹用语“ala e！”通常体现出一个人来自八打雁，而“does hane?!” |
| in Rizal and Quezon provinces. | 亦能够体现一个人来自黎刹或奎松两省。 |
| Perhaps the most divergent Tagalog dialects are those spoken in Marinduque. | 或许差异最大的他加禄语方言要数马林杜克省的各分支了。 |
| Linguist Rosa Soberano identifies two dialects, western and eastern, with the former being closer to the Tagalog dialects spoken in the provinces of Batangas and Quezon. | 语言学家罗萨·索伯拉奥（Rosa Soberano）区分出两种方言：西部方言的东部方言；前者更接近八打雁和奎松两省的他加禄方言。 |
| One example is the verb conjugation paradigms. | 其中一点体现于动词变位规律。 |
| While some of the affixes are different, Marinduque also preserves the imperative affixes, also found in Visayan and Bikol languages, that have mostly disappeared from most Tagalog early 20th century; they have since merged with the infinitive. | 虽然有一部分词缀不同，马林杜克方言保留了米沙鄢语支和比科尔语支的数种语言中也存在的祈使词缀；该词缀在20世纪初就几乎从大部分他加禄语的方言中消失了，被不定式取代。 |
| According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, as of 2014 there were 100 million people living in the Philippines, where almost all of whom will have some basic level of understanding of the language. | 根据菲律宾统计局的数据，2014年时菲律宾的人口达到一亿，其中近乎全部都对他加禄语有至少基本的掌握。 |
| The Tagalog homeland, Katagalugan, covers roughly much of the central to southern parts of the island of Luzon—particularly in Aurora, Bataan, Batangas, Bulacan, Cavite, Laguna, Metro Manila, Nueva Ecija, Quezon, Rizal and large parts of Zambales. | 他加禄语的发源地——即他加禄地区——囊括了大约吕宋岛中部到南部的大部分，包括奥罗拉省、巴丹省、八打雁省、布拉干、甲米地省、内湖省、马尼拉大都会、新怡诗夏省、奎松省、黎刹省，及三描礼士省的大部分。 |
| Tagalog is also spoken natively by inhabitants living on the islands, Marinduque, Mindoro, and medium areas of Palawan. | 他加禄语同时也是许多小岛居民的母语，如马林杜克、民都洛，及巴拉望的中部地区。 |
| It is spoken by approximately 64 million Filipinos, 96% of the household population; 22 million, or 28% of the total Philippine population, speak it as a native language. | 该语言被大约6400万菲律宾人使用，占总家庭人口的96%；菲律宾总人口中2200万人——即28%的人口——母语为他加禄语。 |
| Tagalog speakers are found in other parts of the Philippines as well as throughout the world, though its use is usually limited to communication between Filipino ethnic groups. | 而菲律宾其他地区及全球各地也有他加禄语使用者，但一般该语言仅在菲律宾裔之间使用。 |
| In 2010, the US Census bureau reported (based on data collected in 2007) that in the United States it was the fourth most-spoken language at home with almost 1.5 million speakers, behind Spanish or Spanish Creole, French (including Patois, Cajun, Creole), and Chinese. | 2010年，美国人口调查局报告中写道（基于2007年的数据收集）他加禄语在美国为在家庭中使用第四多的语言，排在西班牙语及西班牙克里奥语、法语（包括帕托阿语、卡津方言、克里奥语）和汉语之后。 |
| Tagalog ranked as the third most spoken language in metropolitan statistical areas, behind Spanish and Chinese but ahead of French. | 同时他加禄语为大都市统计区内使用第三多的语言，排在西班牙语和汉语之后，但在法语之前。 |
| Accents | 口音 |
| The Tagalog language also boasts accentations unique to some parts of Tagalog-speaking regions. | 他加禄语也以部分他加禄语区的独特口音为豪。 |
| For example, in some parts of Manila, a strong pronunciation of i exists and vowel-switching of o and u exists so words like "gising" (to wake) is pronounced as "giseng" with a strong 'e' and the word "tagu-taguan" (hide-and-go-seek) is pronounced as "tago-tagoan" with a mild 'o'. | 例如，在马尼拉的部分地区，“i”有时会被重读，同时也有 “o”和“u”的元音转换，所以类似“gising”（醒来）的单词会被读作带重读“e”的“giseng”，而 “tagu-taguan”（捉迷藏）读作带轻读“o”的“tago-tagoan”。 |
| Batangas Tagalog boasts the most distinctive accent in Tagalog compared to the more Hispanized northern accents of the language. | 相比于南部更为西班牙化的各方言，八打雁的他加禄方言以其最独特的口音著称。 |
| The Batangas accent has been featured in film and television and Filipino actor Leo Martinez speaks this accent. | 八打雁口音在电影电视作品中也有出现，菲律宾演员利奥·马丁内兹（Leo Martinez）就有这种口音。 |
| Martinez's accent, however, will quickly be recognized by native Batangueños as representative of the accent in western Batangas which is milder[who?] compared to that used in the eastern part of the province. | 不过，马丁内兹的口音会被八打雁当地居民轻易辨认为八打雁西部地区的代表性口音，比起该省东部的口音更为柔和。 |
| Code-switching | 语码转换 |
| Taglish and Englog are names given to a mix of English and Tagalog. | “Taglish”和“Englog”即指英语和他加禄语的混合使用。 |
| The amount of English vs. Tagalog varies from the occasional use of English loan words to outright code-switching, where the language changes in mid-sentence. | 英语和他加禄语的使用量比例下至英语外来词的偶尔使用，上至彻底语码转换，即在句子说至一半时切换语言。 |
| Such code-switching is prevalent throughout the Philippines and in various languages of the Philippines other than Tagalog. | 此类语码转换在菲律宾分布广泛，同时也存在于他加禄语之外的其他菲律宾语言。 |
| Code Mixing also entails the use of foreign words that are Filipinized by reforming them using Filipino rules, such as verb conjugations. | 语码混和也包括使用被菲律宾化——即根据菲律宾语言规律进行调整——的外来词。 |
| Users typically use Filipino or English words, whichever comes to mind first or whichever is easier to use. | 使用者一般基于先想到哪种语言的用词，或是哪种语言的某特定词语更方便使用，来选择使用菲律宾或英语单词。 |
| "Magshoshopping kami sa mall. Sino ba ang magdadrive sa shopping center?" | “Magshoshopping kami sa mall. Sino ba ang magdadrive sa shopping center?” |
| "We will go shopping at the mall. Who will drive to the shopping center?" | “我们要去商场购物。谁会开车去购物商场？” |
| City-dwellers, the highly educated, and people born around and after World War II are more likely to do this. | 城市居民、受教育人群，以及二战期间或之后出生的人群更多出现此种使用情况。 |
| The practice is common in television, radio, and print media as well. | 同时这种用法在电视、广播以及印刷媒体中也有出现。 |
| Advertisements from companies like Wells Fargo, Wal-Mart, Albertsons, McDonald's, and Western Union have contained Taglish. | 国富银行、沃尔玛、艾伯森、麦当劳及西联汇款等公司的广告中都出现过Taglish。 |
| Phonology | 语音系统 |
| Tagalog has 33 phonemes: 19 of them are consonants and 14 are vowels. | 他加禄语共有33个音素：19个辅音和14个元音。 |
| Syllable structure is relatively simple, being maximally consonant-ar-vowel-consonant, where consonant-ar only occurs in borrowed words such as trak "truck" or sombréro "hat". | 音节结构相对较为简单，最长的可能组合也仅为“辅音-r-元音-辅音”，且“辅音-r”只出现在外来词中，如“trak”（truck，卡车），“sombréro”（sombrero，帽子）。 |
| Vowels | 元音 |
| Tagalog has ten simple vowels, five long and five short, and four diphthongs. | 他加禄语有十个单元音——五个长音和五个短音——以及四个双元音。 |
| Before appearing in the area north of Pasig river, Tagalog had three vowel qualities: /a/, /i/, and /u/. | 在传播至巴石河以南地区之前，他加禄语共有三个元音位置：/a/、/i/和/u/。 |
| This was later expanded to five with the introduction of words from Northern Philippine languages like Kapampangan and Ilocano and Spanish words. | 在这之后，由于和邦板牙语和伊洛卡诺语等菲律宾南部语言以及西班牙词语的接触，增加至五个元音位置。 |
| They are: | 分别为： |
| /a/ an open central unrounded vowel roughly similar to English "father"; in the middle of a word, a near-open central vowel similar to Received Pronunciation English "cup" | /a/ 开中不圆唇元音，近似于英语“father”；在词中出现时，实际发音则为次开央元音，近似于标准英音的“cup” |
| /ɛ/ an open-mid front unrounded vowel similar to General American English "bed" | /ɛ/ 半开前不圆唇元音，近似于通用美式英语的“bed” |
| /i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English "machine" | /i/ 闭前不圆唇元音，近似于英语“machine” |
| /o/ a close-mid back rounded vowel similar to General American English "sole" or Philippine English "forty" | /o/ 闭中后圆唇元音，近似于通用美式英语的“sole”或菲律宾英音的“forty” |
| /u/ a close back rounded vowel similar to English "flute" | /u/ 闭后圆唇元音，近似于英语“flute” |
| Nevertheless, simplification of pairs [o ~ u] and [ɛ ~ i] is likely to take place, especially in some Tagalog as second language, remote location and worker class registers. | 不过与此同时，[o ~ u]和[ɛ ~ i]两对元音的近似化很可能发生，尤其是在他加禄语为第二语言的使用者、偏僻的地理位置或是工人阶层的的使用中。 |
| The four diphthongs are /aj/, /uj/, /aw/, and /iw/. | 四个双元音分别为/aj/、/uj/、/aw/和/iw/。 |
| Long vowels are not written apart from pedagogical texts, where an acute accent is used: á é í ó ú. | 长元音只有在教学材料中才会在拼写上有所体现，使用尖音符标出：“á”、“é”、“í”、“ó”、“ú” |
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Recent Activity
Translated 60 translation units
in the field of linguistics
Language pair: English to Chinese
Mar 01, 2019
