| In this chapter, capacitors and inductors will be introduced (without considering the effects of AC current.) The big thing to understand about Capacitors and Inductors in DC Circuits is that they have a transient (temporary) response. |
Katika sura hii, capacitors na inductors zitatambulishwa (bila kuzingatia athari za mkondo wa AC). Jambo kubwa la kuelewa kuhusu Capacitors na Inductors katika Mizunguko ya DC ni kwamba zina mwitikio wa mpito (wa muda mfupi). |
| During the transient period, capacitors build up charge and stop the flow of current (eventually acting like infinite resistors.) Inductors build up energy in the form of magnetic fields, and become more conductive. |
Wakati wa kipindi cha mpito, capacitors hujikusanyia chaji na husimamisha mtiririko wa mkondo (hatimaye zikifanya kazi kama vipinga mkondo visivyo na mwisho). Inductors hujikusanyia nishati katika mfumo wa sehemu za sumaku na huwa na upitishaji mzuri wa mkondo. |
| In other words, in the steady-state (long term behavior), capacitors become open circuits and inductors become short circuits. |
Kwa maneno mengine, katika hali thabiti (tabia ya muda mrefu), capacitors huwa mizunguko iliyo wazi, na inductors huwa mizunguko mifupi. |
| Thus, for DC analysis, you can replace a capacitor with an empty space and an inductor with a wire. |
Hivyo, kwa uchanganuzi wa DC, unaweza kuchukua nafasi ya capacitor na nafasi tupu, na inductor na waya. |
| The only circuit components that remain are voltage sources, current sources, and resistors. |
Vipengele pekee vya mzunguko vinavyosalia ni vyanzo vya voltage, vyanzo vya mkondo, na vipinga mkondo (resistors). |
| DC steady-state (meaning the circuit has been in the same state for a long time), we've seen that capacitors act like open circuits and inductors act like shorts. |
Katika hali thabiti ya DC (ikimaanisha kwamba mzunguko umekuwa katika hali ile ile kwa muda mrefu), tumeona kwamba capacitors hufanya kazi kama mizunguko iliyo wazi na inductors hufanya kazi kama mizunguko mifupi. |
| The above figures show the process of replacing these circuit devices with their DC equivalents. |
Mchoro hapo juu unaonyesha mchakato wa kubadilisha vifaa hivi vya mzunguko na viwakilishi vyake vya DC. |
| In this case, all that remains is a voltage source and a lone resistor. |
Katika hali hii, kinachobaki ni chanzo cha voltage na kipinga mkondo kimoja pekee. |
| (An AC analysis of this circuit can be found in the AC section.) |
(Uchanganuzi wa AC wa mzunguko huu unaweza kupatikana katika sehemu ya AC.) |
