| Atoms, the smallest particles of matter that retain the properties of the matter, are made of protons, electrons, and neutrons. |
Atomii sunt cele mai mici particule ce alcatuiesc materia si contin toate proprietatile ei. Sunt formati din protoni,electroni si neutroni. |
| Protons have a positive charge, Electrons have a negative charge that cancels the proton's positive charge. |
Protonii au sarcina pozitiva,Electronii au sarcina negativa care anuleaza sarcina pozitiva a protoninlor. |
| Neutrons are particles that are similar to a proton but have a neutral charge. |
Neutronii sunt particule asemanatoare cu protonii doar ca au sarcina neutra. |
| There are no differences between positive and negative charges except that particles with the same charge repel each other and particles with opposite charges attract each other. |
Nu exista diferenta intre sarcinile pozitive si negative inafara de faptul ca particulele cu acelasi fel de sarcina se resping in timp ce particulele cu sarcini opuse se atrag |
| If a solitary positive proton and negative electron are placed near each other they will come together to form a hydrogen atom. |
Daca un singur proton si un singur electron sunt pusi unu langa celalalt ei se vor uni formand un atom de hidrogen |
| This repulsion and attraction (force between stationary charged particles) is known as the Electrostatic Force and extends theoretically to infinity, but is diluted as the distance between particles increases. |
Atractia si respingerea (forta dintre particulele statice incarcate ) se numeste Forta Electrostatica si se intinde teoretic la infinit, dar se diminueaza cand distanta dintre particule creste. |
| When an atom has one or more missing electrons it is left with a positive charge, and when an atom has at least one extra electron it has a negative charge. |
Cand unui atom ii lipseste unul sau mai multi electroni el ramane cu o sarcina pozitiva iar cand un atom are cel putin un electron in plus el are o sarcina negativa. |
| Having a positive or a negative charge makes an atom an ion. |
Faptul ca are o sarcina pozitiva sau negativa face dintr-un atom un ion. |
| Atoms only gain and lose protons and neutrons through fusion, fission, and radioactive decay. |
Atomii pierd sau castiga protoni si neutroni doar prin fuziune,fisiune si degradare radioactiva. |
| Although atoms are made of many particles and objects are made of many atoms, they behave similarly to charged particles in terms of how they repel and attract. |
Desi atomii sunt facuti din multe partilcule si obiectele sunt facute din multi atomi,comportamentul lor este acelasi cand vine vorba de respingere sau atractie |
| In an atom the protons and neutrons combine to form a tightly bound nucleus. |
In atom protonii si neutronii se combina pentru a forma un nucleu strans legat. |
| This nucleus is surrounded by a vast cloud of electrons circling it at a distance but held near the protons by electromagnetic attraction (the electrostatic force discussed earlier). |
Acest nucleu e incercuit de un nor vast de electroni care se rotesc in jurul lui dar sunt tinuti in apropierea protonilor din cauza atractiei electromagnetice (forta electrostatica discutata mai devreme) |
| The cloud exists as a series of overlapping shells / bands in which the inner valence bands are filled with electrons and are tightly bound to the atom. |
Acest nor exista ca o serie de invelisuri/benzi in care benzile de valenta interioara contin electroni si sunt strans legate de atom. |
| The outer conduction bands contain no electrons except those that have accelerated to the conduction bands by gaining energy. |
Benzile exterioare nu contin electroni inafara de cele accelerate care au acumulat energie. |
| With enough energy an electron will escape an atom (compare with the escape velocity of a space rocket). |
Avand destula energie un electron poate sa se desprinda de atom (la fel ca si viteza unei rachete spatiale care paraseste Pamantul ) |
| When an electron in the conduction band decelerates and falls to another conduction band or the valence band a photon is emitted. |
Cand un electron din banda de conducere decelereaza si cade in alta banda sau intr-o banda de valenta un foton este emis. |
| This is known as the photoelectric effect. |
Acesta este cunoscut ca efectul fotoelectric |
