Profil tłumacza: John Pinna (jpinna99)

Język ojczysty:

English

ATA and NYCT member. Dogged researcher and grammar perfectionist. Over a decade of experience employing language skills in retail, music, and food/beverage industries. Translation studies at university level. Wide array of experience with varying texts and different fields of specialization.

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Podsumowanie punktów KudoZ

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Punkty PRO

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Moje dokumenty

Przykładowe tłumaczenie Medical

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Tekst źródłowy (English)	Tekst docelowy (Spanish)
Methods	Los métodos
Patients	Los pacientes
Patients with AIDS and newly diagnosed, active cytomegalovirus retinitis were enrolled at 18 clinical sites in the United States.	Los pacientes con SIDA que se acababan de diagnosticar con la retinitis por citomegalovirus activa se inscribieron en 18 sitios clínicos en los Estados Unidos.
Eligible patients had to be at least 18 years old, and their best corrected visual acuity had to be 20/200 or better in at least one affected eye.	Para ser elegibles, los pacientes debieron tener al menos 18 años de edad, y su mejor agudeza visual corregida tenía que ser 20/200 o mejor en al menos un ojo afectado.
Exclusion criteria included opacities that would prevent visualization of the fundus, contraindications to intraocular surgery or to therapy with intravenous ganciclovir, the presence of overt signs or symptoms of extraocular cytomegalovirus infection, an absolute neutrophil count below 500 cells per cubic millimeter, a platelet count below 25,000 cells per cubic millimeter, a serum creatinine concentration above 1.5 mg per deciliter (133 µmol per liter), and a Karnofsky score below 60.	Los criterios de exclusión incluyeron opacidades que impidieran la visualización del fondo de ojo, contraindicaciones de la cirugía intraocular o de la terapia con ganciclovir intravenoso, la presencia de señales o síntomas manifiestos de una infección por citomegalovirus extraocular, un recuento de neutrófilos absoluto inferior a 500 células por milímetro cúbico, un recuento de plaquetas inferior a 25 mil células por milímetro cúbico, una concentración de creatinina sérica superior a 1,5 mg por decilitro (133 µmol por litro), y una puntuación de Karnofsky inferior a 60.
Informed consent was obtained from all patients.	Se obtuvo el consentimiento informado de todos los pacientes.
Base-Line Evaluation and Randomization	La evaluación de línea base y aleatorización
Before randomization, patients underwent a complete base-line examination, which included nine-field fundus photography.	Antes de la aleatorización, los pacientes se sometieron a una evaluación completa de línea base, la cual incluyó fotografía de nueve campos del fondo de ojo.
The randomization was stratified so as to distribute patients with unilateral and bilateral cytomegalovirus retinitis equally among the three treatment groups, and blocking was used to assign patients equally to the treatment groups over time.	Se estratificó la aleatorización para distribuir uniformemente los pacientes con retinitis por citomegalovirus unilateral y bilateral entre tres grupos de tratamiento, y se utilizó un diseño de bloques para asignar de igual duración los pacientes a los tres grupos de tratamiento a lo largo del tiempo.
Treatment and Follow-Up	El tratamiento y seguimiento
Eligible patients were assigned with equal probability to receive one of three treatments: an intraocular implant (Vitrasert, Chiron Vision, Irvine, Calif.) with a release rate of 1 µg of ganciclovir (Cytovene, Roche Laboratories, Nutley, N.J.) per hour, an intraocular implant with a release rate of 2 µg of ganciclovir per hour, or intravenous ganciclovir.	Los pacientes elegibles fueron destinados a recibir de igual probabilidad uno de tres tratamientos: un implante intraocular (Vitrasert, Chiron Vision, Irvine, California) con una velocidad de liberación de 1 µg de ganciclovir cada hora (Cytovene, Roche Laboratories, Nutley, New Jersey), un implante intraocular con una velocidad de liberación de 2 µg de ganciclovir cada hora o ganciclovir intravenoso.
A 2-µg-per-hour implant was included to determine whether a release rate higher than that used in a previous study37 (1 µg per hour) would have greater efficacy.	Se incluyó un implante que liberó 2 µg cada hora para determinar si una velocidad de liberación más alta que ella utilizada en un estudio anterior37 (1 µg cada hora) habría resultado en una mayor eficacia.
Investigators and patients were unaware of the release rate of the ganciclovir implant.	Los investigadores y los pacientes no sabían de la velocidad de liberación del implante de ganciclovir.
The surgical procedure to insert the implant has been described elsewhere.35,36 Patients assigned to receive intravenous ganciclovir received an induction dose of 5 mg per kilogram of body weight twice daily (total daily dose, 10 mg per kilogram) for at least 14 days, followed by maintenance therapy at a dose of 5 mg per kilogram once daily.	Se describió en otra parte la procedimiento quirúrgico para inserir el implante.35,36 Los pacientes destinados a recibir el ganciclovir intravenoso recibieron dos veces diariamente una dosis de inducción de 5 mg por kilogramo del peso corporal (la dosis diaria total, 10 mg por kilogramo) durante al menos 14 días, seguido por una terapia de mantenimiento de una dosis una vez diariamente de 5 mg por kilogramo.
For patients in the implant groups, ophthalmic examinations were performed on postoperative days 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7.	Se realizaron exámenes oftálmicos de los pacientes en los grupos de implante los días postoperatorios 1, 3, 4, 5 y 7.
Patients in all three groups were examined at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 and then monthly until there had been eight months of progression-free follow-up or until progression of cytomegalovirus retinitis, death, or another event specified as leading to the termination of follow-up occurred.	Se examinaron los pacientes de todos los tres grupos en las semanas 2, 4, 6 y 8 y después mensualmente hasta que se terminaran ocho meses de seguimiento sin síntomas de progresión o hasta que ocurriese la progresión de la retinitis por citomegalovirus, la muerte u otro acontecimiento especificado que resultara en la terminación de seguimiento.
At follow-up visits from week 2 on, a complete ophthalmic examination was conducted, including measurement of visual acuity with modified Bailey–Lovie charts,44 slit-lamp examination, indirect ophthalmoscopy with the eyes dilated, and bilateral, nine-field photography of the fundus.	En las visitas de seguimiento de la segunda semana en adelante, se realizó un examen oftálmico completo, incluso la medición de la agudeza visual con tablas de Bailey-Lovie modificadas, exámenes con lámpara de hendidura, oftalmoscopia indirecta con los ojos dilatados y fotografía bilateral de nueve campos del fondo de ojo.

Przykładowe tłumaczenie Marketing

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Tekst źródłowy (English)	Tekst docelowy (Italian)
IN A WORLD WHERE HUNDREDS OF BILLIONS OF DOLLARS ARE SPENT ON BOMBS, DEVELOPING THE NEXT CONSUMER GADGET, OR ON INVASIVE MARKETING CAMPAIGNS, IMAGINE WHAT THE WORLD WOULD BE LIKE IF THIS KIND OF MONEY WERE SPENT ON BUILDING STRONGER BUILDINGS, FINDING MORE SUSTAINABLE WAYS TO PRODUCE MORE FOOD, CONSERVING ECOSYSTEMS, FINDING CURES FOR DISEASES, WORKING TOWARDS WORLD PEACE AND PROSPERITY, OR SIMPLY PROVIDING THE ECONOMICALLY DISADVANTAGED WITH OPPORTUNITIES IN EDUCATION AND BUSINESS.	IN UN MONDO IN CUI SI SPENDONO CENTINAIA DI MILIARDI DI DOLLARI PER SVILUPPARE BOMBE, PRODURRE IL PROSSIMO DISPOSITIVO ELETTRONICO DA VENDERE E INVESTIRE IN CAMPAGNE PUBBLICITARIE INVASIVE, IMMAGINA COME SAREBBE IL MONDO SE TUTTI QUESTI SOLDI SI FOSSERO SPESI PER COSTRUIRE EDIFICI PIÙ FORTI, SCOPRIRE MODI PIÙ RINNOVABILI DI PRODURRE CIBO, CONSERVARE ECOSISTEMI, SCOPRIRE CURE CONTRO LE MALATTIE, LAVORARE PER LA PACE E LA PROSPERITÀ MONDIALE O SEMPLICEMENTE FORNIRE LE OPPORTUNITÀ EDUCATIVE E COMMERCIALI ALLA GENTE ECONOMICAMENTE SVANTAGGIATA.
THIS IS PRECISELY WHAT THE TELLUS NOVA FOUNDATION AIMS TO DO, TO CONTINUE DEVELOPING A NETWORK OF BUSINESSES WHOSE PROFITS ARE DIRECTED TOWARDS HANDS-ON IMPROVEMENT OF THE HUMAN CONDITION.	È PROPRIO QUESTO L’OBIETTIVO DELLA FONDAZIONE TELLUS NOVA: CONTINUARE A SVILUPPARE UNA RETE D’IMPRESE I CUI PROFITTI SIANO DIRETTI AL MIGLIORAMENTO PRATICO DELLA CONDIZIONE UMANA.
BY FUNDING GRANTS, MICRO-LOANS, AND BUILDING PROJECTS TO HELP THE POOR AROUND THE WORLD TO PAY SCHOOL FEES AND START BUSINESSES, BY WORKING WITHIN COMMUNITIES TO ENHANCE PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE, AND BY USING PUBLIC MEDIA TO GENERATE OUR CULTURAL MOVEMENT, OUR MISSION WILL CONTINUE TO PROGRESS.	FINANZIANDO SOVVENZIONI, MICROPRESTITI E PROGETTI DI COSTRUZIONE PER AIUTARE I POVERI DI TUTTO IL MONDO A PAGARE LE TASSE SCOLASTICHE E AD AVVIARE NUOVE ATTIVITÀ, LAVORANDO NELLE COMUNITÀ PER MIGLIORARE L’INFRASTRUTTURA FISICA E UTILIZZANDO I MEZZI DI COMUNICAZIONE PUBBLICI PER GENERARE IL NOSTRO MOVIMENTO CULTURALE, LA NOSTRA MISSIONE CONTINUERÀ A PROGREDIRE.
WE DON'T BELIEVE IN USING FORCE OR WAITING FOR GOVERNMENT AND BIG BUSINESS TO DO THE RIGHT THING, WHICH IS WHY WE AIM TO DO THIS OURSELVES BY GROWING OUR BUSINESS NETWORK AND DONOR BASE TO CONTINUE SUPPORTING OUR EFFORTS FINANCIALLY.	NON CREDIAMO NELL’USO DELLA FORZA NÉ NELL’ATTESA DELLE AZIONI GIUSTE DAI GOVERNI O DALLE GRANDI IMPRESE. È PER QUESTO MIRIAMO A FARE DA SOLI, FACENDO CRESCERE LA NOSTRA RETE D’IMPRESE E LA NOSTRA BASE DEI DONATORI PER CONTINUARE A SOSTENERE FINANZIARIAMENTE I NOSTRI SFORZI.
COUPLED WITH OUR MOVEMENT TO CREATE A GLOBAL CULTURE OF INDIVIDUAL-IDENTITY, RATIONALISM, AND CRITICAL THINKING, INDIVIDUALS ACROSS THE WORLD CAN DEVELOP A STRONGER CONNECTION WITH THEIR INNER SELVES, AS WELL AS TO OTHERS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENT.	AIUTATI DAL NOSTRO MOVIMENTO PER CREARE UNA CULTURA MONDIALE D’IDENTITÀ INDIVIDUALE, RAZIONALISMO, E PENSIERO CRITICO, GLI INDIVIDUALI IN TUTTO IL MONDO POSSONO SVILUPPARE UNA CONNESSIONE PIÙ FORTE CON IL LORO IO INTERIORE, E ANCHE CON LE ALTRE PERSONE NEL LORO AMBIENTE.
WE ARE CONFIDENT THAT BY ENGAGING IN THESE COMBINED ACTIVITIES, OF ADDRESSING PEOPLE’S REAL-LIFE ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND EDUCATIONAL CONCERNS, AND ENCOURAGING PEOPLE TO CULTURALLY MOVE AWAY FROM TRIBALISM, THAT WE WILL BE ABLE TO MOVE CLOSER TO WORLD PEACE AND PROSPERITY.	SIAMO SICURI CHE, IMPEGNANDOCI IN QUESTE ATTIVITÀ COMBINATE, AFFRONTANDO LE PREOCCUPAZIONI ECONOMICHE, SOCIALI E SCOLASTICHE DELLA GENTE NELLA REALTÀ E INCORAGGIANDO LE PERSONE AD ALLONTANARSI DAL TRIBALISMO, POTREMO AVVICINARCI ALLA PACE E IL BENESSERE MONDIALE.
THIS MAY SEEM LIKE A LOFTY GOAL, BUT WE KNOW, THAT WITH YOUR SUPPORT, THAT IT IS PERFECTLY ACHIEVABLE, AND OUR PRACTICAL, SOCIOECONOMICALLY-DRIVEN APPROACH MAKES IT A RELATIVELY SIMPLE, ALBEIT LENGTHY TASK.	POTREBBE SEMBRARE UN’AMBIZIONE UN PO’ GRANDE, MA CON IL TUO SOSTEGNO SAPPIAMO BENE CHE È ASSOLUTAMENTE RAGGIUNGIBILE E CHE RENDE IL COMPITO RELATIVAMENTE SEMPLICE (SEBBENE CI VORRÀ UN PO’) CON IL NOSTRO APPROCCIO CONCRETO E SOCIOECONOMICO.
AS A GROUP OF MEN AND WOMEN DEDICATED TO THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE HUMAN CONDITION, WE KNOW THAT THESE ARE THE REALISTIC MEANS BY WHICH OUR WORLD CAN BE IMPROVED, AND OUR FUTURE SECURED.	E COME UN GRUPPO DI UOMINI E DONNE IMPEGNATI NEL MIGLIORAMENTO DELLA CONDIZIONE UMANA, NOI SAPPIAMO CHE QUESTI SONO I MEZZI REALISTICI CON CUI SI PUÒ MIGLIORARE IL NOSTRO MONDO E GARANTIRE IL NOSTRO FUTURO.
HELP US GROW OUR MOVEMENT AND SPREAD THE WORD!	AIUTACI A FAR CRESCERE IL NOSTRO MOVIMENTO E DIFFONDERE LA PAROLA!

Przykładowe tłumaczenie Tech/Engineering

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Tekst źródłowy (English)	Tekst docelowy (Spanish)
VOLTAGE WIRING INSTRUCTIONS	GUÍA DE INSTALACIÓN ELÉCTRICA Y CONFIGURACIÓN DEL VOLTAJE
The pump is pre-wired at the factory for 230V service (Figure 1).	Esta bomba viene precableada de la fábrica para servicio de 230 V (Figura 1).
To change the pump to a 115V application, move the brown wire to terminal B and the white wire to L2 (Figure 2).	Para ajustar el voltaje a 115 V, coloque el cable marrón en el terminal B y el cable blanco en L2 (Figura 2).
APPLICATION	APLICACIÓN
This pump is suitable for installations where the vertical distance from the pump to the water level does not exceed 25 feet.	La bomba viene adecuada para instalaciones en que la distancia vertical desde la bomba al nivel del agua no exceda 7,62 m (25 pies).
In all installations, friction losses in the suction pipe must be taken into consideration.	En todas las instalaciones, se debe tener en cuenta las pérdidas de carga por fricción en el tubo de aspiración.
INSTALLATION	INSTALACIÓN
LOCATION: Install the pump in a clean, dry, and ventilated location that provides adequate drainage, room for servicing, and protection from freezing temperatures.	UBICACIÓN: instale la bomba en una ubicación limpia, seca y ventilada que tenga drenaje adecuado, espacio para mantenimiento ordinario y protección de temperaturas de congelación.
Bolt the pump evenly on a good foundation, preferably concrete, to prevent the development of unnecessary stress.	Sujete la bomba con pernos de manera uniforme en unos cimientos fiables, preferiblemente de hormigón, para prevenir el desarrollo de estrés innecesario.
Locate the pump as close as possible to the water source to reduce friction losses in the suction pipe and provide for maximum capacities.	Coloque la bomba lo más cerca posible a la fuente de agua para reducir las pérdidas de carga por fricción en el tubo de aspiración y para permitir la máxima capacidad.
SUCTION PIPE: For best results, use only new, clean pipe or hose the same size as the pump suction tapping.	TUBO DE ASPIRACIÓN: para obtener los mejores resultados, solo utilice tubo o manguera nuevo y limpio y del mismo tamaño que las tomas de aspiración de la bomba.
If installing the pump any appreciable distance from the water source, increase the suction pipe by one size.	Si se instala la bomba a una distancia considerable de la fuente de agua, aumente el tubo de aspiración al siguiente tamaño.
To avoid air pockets in the line, ensure that the suction pipe slopes upward from the water source to the pump.	Para evitar la ocurrencia de burbujas de aire en la línea, asegúrese de que el tubo de aspiración se incline hacia arriba desde la fuente de agua a la bomba.
In cases where the pump has to be re-primed often and heavy water flow is not required, use a 90° or 45° elbow on the suction line.	En los casos en que frecuentemente se tenga que volver a cebar la bomba y que no sea necesario un flujo de agua de gran cantidad, utilice un tubo acodado de 90 o 45 grados en la línea de aspiración.
This enables the pump to prime sooner and prevents kinking of the hose.	Esto permite que la bomba se cebe más rápido y también evita que la manguera se doble.
To ensure easier priming, install a check valve.	Para asegurarse de que la bomba se cebe más fácilmente, instale una válvula de retención.
In cases where heavy water flow is required over a prolonged period, install the suction line almost horizontally to the pump.	En los casos en que se requiera un flujo de agua de gran cantidad durante un periodo prolongado, instale la línea de aspiración casi horizontalmente a la bomba.
Use non-toxic thread compound on all pipe joints and tighten all connections thoroughly.	Utilice un compuesto de hilos atóxico en todos los acoplamientos de tubos y apriete completamente todas las conexiones.
Connect a strainer to the bottom of the suction pipe and ensure that it will be well-submerged at all times.	Conecte un colador al fondo del tubo de aspiración y asegúrese de que siempre esté bien sumergido.
WARNING - RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK	AVISO – RIESGO DE DESCARGA ELÉCTRICA
Wiring: Ensure that the voltage and frequency of the power supply match that stamped on the motor nameplate.	El cableado: asegúrese de que el voltaje y la frecuencia de la fuente de energía correspondan a los que se han imprimido en la placa de información del motor.
If in doubt, contact your power company.	Si tiene dudas, póngase en contacto con su proveedor de energía.
WARNING - ELECTRICAL PRECAUTIONS	AVISO – PRECAUCIONES EN LAS INTALACIONES ELÉCTRICAS
All wiring, electrical connections, and system grounding must comply with the National Electrical Code (NEC) and with any local codes and ordinances.	Todo el cableado, las conexiones eléctricas y el sistema de puesta a tierra deben cumplir las normas del Código Eléctrico Nacional de EE.UU.
Employ a licensed electrician.	Contrate a un electricista autorizado.
Determine incoming voltage to motor.	Determine el voltaje entrante al motor.
Where possible, use 230V.	Cuando sea posible, utilice el de 230 V.
Connect wiring to terminal board located inside motor end cover.	Conecte el cableado al tablero de bornes que se ubica dentro de la tapa de la extremidad del motor.
Be sure voltage connections agree with wiring diagram on motor nameplate.	Asegúrese de que las conexiones de voltaje se pongan de acuerdo con el diagrama de cableado ubicado en la placa de información del motor.
WARNING - RISK OF ELECTRICAL SHOCK	AVISO – RIESGO DE DESCARGA ELÉCTRICA
Grounding the motor: Wiring to this pump must be installed and maintained in accordance with the National Electrical Code or your local electric code.	Conectar el motor a tierra: se debe instalar y mantener el cableado de esta bomba de acuerdo con el Código Eléctrico Nacional de EE.UU.
If more information is needed, call a local licensed electrician or your power company.	Si se necesita más información, llame a un electricista autorizado o su proveedor de energía.
Make a permanent ground connection to the unit using a conductor of appropriate size from a metal underground water pipe or a grounded lead in the service panel.	Haga una conexión a tierra permanente a la unidad utilizando un conductor de tamaño adecuado desde un tubo metálico de agua subterráneo o un tubo de plomo puesto a tierra en el panel de servicio.
Do not ground to a gas supply line.	No lo conecte a tierra a una línea de distribución de gas.
Do not connect to the electric power supply until the unit is permanently grounded.	No lo conecte a la fuente de energía eléctrica hasta que la unidad esté permanentemente puesta a tierra.
Connect the ground wire to the approved ground and then connect to the terminal provided.	Conecte el cable a tierra a la tierra aprobada y proceda entonces a conectarlo al terminal provisto.

Przykładowe tłumaczenie Marketing

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Tekst źródłowy (Spanish)	Tekst docelowy (English)
Hay dos caras de la mercadotecnia: la mercadotecnia estratégica y la mercadotecnia operativa.	There are two faces of marketing: marketing strategy and marketing operations.
La mercadotecnia estratégica es el elemento que define y encuadra las líneas maestras de comunicación y comercialización de la empresa, para aprovechar las oportunidades del mercado.	The marketing strategy is the component that defines and classifies the main features of the company’s communications and trade in order to take advantage of opportunities in the marketplace.
Traza los objetivos y los caminos que luego deberán seguir las tácticas de mercadotecnia (mercadotecnia operativa) en aras de lograr un mayor resultado con la menor inversión y esfuerzo, definiendo el posicionamiento de la empresa frente al mercado elegido para ser destinatario de las acciones de comunicación y venta.	It outlines the objectives and paths that the subsequent marketing tactics will need to follow (market operations) in the interest of achieving a greater result with less investment and effort while defining the company’s market positioning in order to be the recipient of communications and sales activity.
Dentro de desarrollo de la estrategia de mercadotecnia se integran actividades como:	The development of the marketing strategy includes activities such as:
Conocer las necesidades (problemas) y deseos actuales y futuros de los clientes.	Knowing the customers’ needs (problems) and current and future desires.
Identificar diferentes grupos de posibles consumidores y prescriptores en cuanto a sus gustos y preferencias o segmentos de mercado.	Identifying different groups of potential consumers and indicators regarding their tastes and preferences or market segments.
Valorar el potencial e interés de esos segmentos, atendiendo a su volumen, poder adquisitivo, competencia o grado de apremio en querer resolver el problema o colmar el deseo.	Assessing those segments’ potential and interest, addressing their volume, purchasing power, competence, or degree of urgency in wanting to resolve the problem or satisfy the desire.
Definir el "Avatar" o "buyer persona".	Defining the “Avatar” or “buyer persona.”
Teniendo en cuenta las ventajas competitivas de la empresa, orientarla hacia oportunidades de mercado, desarrollando un plan de mercadotecnia periódico con los objetivos de posicionamiento buscados.	Accounting for the company’s competitive advantages, directing it toward market opportunities, developing a periodic marketing plan with desired positioning goals.

Przykładowe tłumaczenie Journalism

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Tekst źródłowy (Italian)	Tekst docelowy (English)
Mstislav Rostropovich, per tutti Slava, è stato sicuramente uno dei più influenti musicisti della seconda metà del Novecento.	Mstislav Rostropovich, known by many as Slava, was surely one of the most influential musicians of the second half of the 20th century.
Senz’altro il più rispettato violoncellista della sua generazione, buon pianista accompagnatore della moglie, la grande soprano Galina Vishnevskaja, e direttore di buon livello, specie dei compositori russi e sovietici in particolare (le integrali delle sinfonie di Prokofiev e Shostakovich sono ammirevoli).	Without doubt the most respected cellist of his generation, fine piano accompanist to his wife, the great soprano Galina Vishnevskaja, and high-level conductor, especially with Russian and Soviet composers (his complete recordings of the symphonies of Prokofiev and Shostakovich are quite admirable).
L’etichetta discografica Warner ha deciso di dare omaggio a questo grande artista, morto dieci anni fa a 80 anni, con l’uscita di un grande e lussuoso box delle registrazioni solistiche in possesso della casa: le incisioni della casa discografica Emi, quelle Erato e una buona selezione di live sovietici usciti diversi anni fa come “The russian years”.	Warner Bros. Records has decided to pay homage to this great artist, who died ten years ago at the age of 80, with the release of a large, deluxe box set of the soloist’s recordings from the company’s collection: recordings by record labels Emi and Erato, and a fine selection of live Soviet recordings released over the years in an era known as “The Russian Years.”
I cd sono stati nuovamente remasterizzati per l’occasione con un buon esito soprattutto per le incisioni più “anziane”.	The CDs have been newly remastered for the occasion to great effect, especially regarding his oldest recordings.
Il repertorio coperto dall’importante cofanetto è vasto e coronato delle interpretazioni di pezzi di compositori del Novecento: commissioni volute per lo più da Rostropovich stesso per incoraggiare l’allargamento delle composizioni per lo strumento.	Included in this sizeable box set is a vast repertoire full of interpretations of pieces by 20th century composers, often commissioned by Rostropovich himself to encourage the increase of compositions for the cello.
Quindi abbiamo da una parte i grandi classici come il concerto di Antonín Dvorák presente tre volte di cui una meravigliosamente accompagnato da Carlo Maria Giulini, incisione che è tra gli imperdibili di questo concerto cavallo di battaglia di ogni violoncellista e il concerto di Schumann con Bernstein, un liricissimo must have per chiunque adori questo splendido e doloroso pezzo.	Thus, we have great classics such as Antonin Dvorak’s Cello Concerto with three different recordings (one with a marvelous accompaniment by Carlo Maria Giulini), an indispensable recording of this exceptional concerto (a tour de force for every cellist), and Schumann’s Cello Concerto conducted by Leonard Bernstein, an incredibly lyrical must-have for anyone who loves this splendid, sorrowful piece.
Ma molte altre sono le incisioni diventate giustamente leggendarie: il Don Quixote di Strauss con Karajan e i Berliner, versione che rivaleggia con l’altra incisa da Karajan di statuto mitologico, ovvero quella con Fournier.	Also included are those that have rightly become legendary: Strauss’s Don Quixote with the Berlin Philharmonic conducted by Karajan, a version that rivals another Karajan recording that has attained mythical status, that of Fournier.
Dall’altra ci sono le composizioni per le quali Rostropovich andava particolarmente fiero ovvero quelle in cui ha avuto un ruolo perché coinvolse compositori più o meno grandi in composizioni scritte per lui.	But also included are works that Rostropovich was particularly proud of, those he had a direct role in bringing to life as a result of working with composers of varying degrees of fame that wrote compositions especially for him.
Splendido rimane il concerto di Penderecki che Slava incise con la direzione del compositore.	Penderecki’s concerto, a piece that Slava recorded under the composer’s direction, remains a splendid performance.
Soprattutto, però, rimane a perenne gloria del violoncellistal’aver ispirato Prokofiev e Shostakovich nell’interessarsi dello strumento. L’esito è stato innanzitutto il bellissimo concerto, anzi Sinfonia-Concerto, postremo capolavoro di Prokofiev.	Above all, however, the cellist shall forever be remembered for inspiring Prokofiev and Shostakovich’s interest in the instrument, resulting in Prokofiev’s beautiful concerto, or better put Symphony-Concerto, his final masterpiece.
Una pagina di grandissima invenzione, fresca nonostante la declinante salute del compositore, nutrita di un generoso e quasi trascendentale virtuosismo strumentale che solo il giovane Rostropovich poteva dominare: in quest’opera, composta quando il bando delle autorità sovietiche sul compositore era già operante, Prokofiev ritrova la sua voce graffiante, sardonica, piena di contrasti e riesce anche ad abbandonarsi ad un lirismo doloroso che ricorda gli accenti della gloriosa Prima Sonata per violino e pianoforte.	A work of great innovation, lively despite the declining health of the composer, nourished by a generous and almost transcendental virtuosity of the instrument that only the young Rostropovich could master: in this work, composed even under the Soviet authorities’ ban on the composer, Prokofiev rediscovers his scathing, sardonic voice, full of contrast, succeeding also in surrendering himself to a sorrowful lyricism that recalls aspects of his glorious Sonata No. 1 for violin and piano.
Della Sinfonia-Concerto nel box si trovano ben tre lettura diversissime per anni e livello: la migliore è quella livesovietica degli anni 60, interessantissima anche quella con Ozawa, un po’ noiosa quella con Sargent.	The box set includes three very different renditions of the Symphony-Concerto of varying dates and musical quality: the best, the live Soviet recording of the 1960s; the also highly interesting interpretation by Ozawa; and a little dull, the version conducted by Sargent.
Anche Shostakovich aveva raccolto le sollecitazioni del geniale violoncellista, componendo per lui ben due concerti di cui il primo rimane un capolavoro assoluto, con quel movimento lento geniale, una composta elegia dolorosissima, un pianto per la società sovietica gelata nel suo fiorire, una estrema testimonianza della capacità mimetica di Shostakovich che nella condizione della sua Russia riesce a evocare l’intera dolente umanità frustata dall’ingiustizia e dal destino, grande Leitmotiv della sua ultima produzione.	Shostakovich was also solicited by the brilliant cellist for compositions. He wrote at least two concertos for Rostropovich, one of which remains an absolute masterpiece with its brilliant slow movement, a heart-wrenching elegy, a lament for a Soviet society frozen in the midst of its bloom, an extreme testimony to Shostakovich’s capacity for imitation who, in the plight of his mother country Russia, is able to evoke the entirety of humanity’s pain frustrated by injustice and destiny, an important leitmotif of his last production.
La lettura che ne dà Rostropovich rimane ovviamente di assoluto riferimento: nessuno meglio di lui, costretto all’esilio, poteva interpretare la lamentevole condizione dell’Urss brezneviana.	Rostropovich’s performance obviously remains an absolute exemplar; nobody but him, forced into exile, could better interpret the lamentable conditions of Brezhnev’s USRR.
Molte altre ovviamente sono le perle di questo cofanetto che non si finirebbe di ascoltare, ma bisogna soffermarsi su dei capolavori assoluti, pietre angolari del repertorio violoncellistico, quali sono le Suites per violoncello solo di Bach che Rostropovich ha inciso ufficialmente solo alla fine della sua carriera.	So many other gems can be found in this box set that we could never tire of, but we must pause and reflect on those absolute masterpieces, those cornerstones of cello repertoire, the Bach suites for solo cello. Rostropovich officially recorded them at the end of his career.
I pezzi costituiscono una sorta di bibbia dello strumento, qualsiasi violoncellista degno di questo nome suona abitualmente le suitescercando di misurarsi con la meravigliosa scrittura bachiana e cercando di migliorarne l’interpretazione in maniera quotidiana.	The pieces are sort of a Bible for the instrument; any cellist worth their salt routinely plays the Bach suites seeking to measure themselves against Bach’s wonderful writing and to improve their renditions of them daily.
Come mai uno strumentista del calibro di Rostropovich ha aspettato così tanto prima di incidere ufficialmente, quasi a imporre il suo crisma sull’opera, solo in tarda età?	Why did an instrumentalist of Rostropovich’s caliber wait so long before officially recording (indeed, almost baptizing) these pieces, only doing so in his later years?
Non lo sappiamo.	We don’t know.
Sicuramente l’artista ha meditato quei pezzi tutta la vita e l’interpretazione che ne è uscita è diventata presto un classico.	Surely the artist meditated on these works his entire life, and the renditions that he recorded quickly became classics.
Nel box si possono apprezzare sia in versione audio che in video con tanto di commento dello stesso Rostropovich.	In the box set they can be enjoyed in both audio and video formats with lots of commentary from Rostropovich himself.
Ovviamente si situano nell’olimpo della discografia bachiana insieme ai classici di Casals, Fournier, Mainardi, e pur non avendo fatte proprie le norme dell’esecuzione storicamente avvertita siamo di fronte ad una interpretazione “classica”, da intendersi come tradizionale, di livello eccelso, come non potevamo non aspettarci da un artista di quella caratura.	Clearly, they belong at the top of Bach discography together with those of Casals, Fournier, Mainardi, and although they were not performed in line with historically accepted norms, we are indeed looking at a “classical” interpretation of an exceptional level, intended as traditional, such as we could only expect from an artist of Rostropovich’s magnitude.
(Original Italian text retrieved from: Malandra, Lucio. “Mstislav Rostropovich, il viaggio del violoncellista errante nella musica del Novecento.”	(Original Italian text retrieved from: Malandra, Lucio. “Mstislav Rostropovich, il viaggio del violoncellista errante nella musica del Novecento.”
Il Fatto Quotidiano. N.p., 24 Aug. 2017. Web. 13 March 2019. https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2017/08/24/mstislav-rostropovich-il-viaggio-del-violoncellista-errante-nella-musica-del-novecento/3812032/#)	Il Fatto Quotidiano. N.p., 24 Aug. 2017. Web. 13 March 2019. https://www.ilfattoquotidiano.it/2017/08/24/mstislav-rostropovich-il-viaggio-del-violoncellista-errante-nella-musica-del-novecento/3812032/#)

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Tekst źródłowy (English)	Tekst docelowy (Spanish)
Weathering the recession	A capear la recesión
The three hubs of growth in the world economy are now in recession.	Los tres centros de crecimiento de la economía mundial ya están en recesión.
Japan is going through a long period of weakness with the end still not in sight.	Japón pasa por un largo período de debilidad sin final a la vista.
In the United States, the slowdown which began in 2000 has grown worse since the terrorist attacks on September 11 and has now fallen into a full recession.	En los Estados Unidos, la desaceleración que empezó en el año 2000 ha empeorado desde los ataques terroristas del 11 de septiembre y ha caído en plena recesión.
The German economy more and more shows its weakness and its inability to recover the role it previously held as engine of growth in the European economy.	La economía alemana cada vez más revela su debilidad y su incapacidad de recuperar su papel en lo que anteriormente ocupaba como el motor de crecimiento de la economía europea.
On top of this troubling horizon comes the drop in economic activity in Eastern Asia and the complicated situation in some Latin American economies, outstanding among which is the case in Argentina.	Además de esta perspectiva preocupante, deparan otras dos incidencias: la caída de actividad económica en Asia de Este y la situación complicada de algunas economías latinoamericanas, entre ellas destaca Argentina como ejemplo.
In fact, we are at the most delicate moment in the cyclical stage since the beginning of the Nineties when the Gulf War cut short growth in the second half of the Eighties.	De hecho, pasamos por el momento más delicado de la etapa cíclica desde el inicio de los años 90 cuando el crecimiento de la segunda mitad de los años 80 fue truncado por la Guerra del Golfo.
The main international economic bodies also share the view that the recession will be short-lived.	Los principales organismos económicos internacionales también comparten la opinión de que la recesión será breve.
Forecasts published by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the European Commission and the International Monetary Fund in November drew special attention in order to clarify doubts about 2002 and 2003.	Los pronósticos publicados en noviembre por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), la Comisión Europea y el Fondo Monetario Internacional hicieron especial hincapié para clarificar las dudas sobre los años 2002 y 2003.
Essentially, the prognosis is the same.	En lo fundamental, el pronóstico es el mismo.
The year 2002 is already set until the second half-year but it is expected that 2003 will be notably dynamic.	El año 2002 ya está fijo hasta la segunda mitad del año pero se espera que el año 2003 sea particularmente dinámico.
The differences in the forecasts lie more in the strength of the recovery than in questioning recovery itself.	Las diferencias en los pronósticos radican más en la fuerza de la recuperación que la cuestión de si la va a suceder.

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2019 Graduate (Other) w Adelphi University
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Translators Without Borders (Dołączył(a): 2018)
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